The name "artesian well" comes fromthe names of the French province of Artois. It was in this province that they began to use water from drilled wells. These wells allowed not to depend on such water sources as lakes, rivers or city water supply, and made it possible to provide country houses with water. The water in these wells comes from the artesian basin. These pools are located at different depths between the layers of rocks that do not pass water. To obtain water, an artesian well is drilled, the depth of which depends on the water level and ranges from 30 to 500 meters.
Water at the same time may have a different composition, independing on what layers of the artesian basin it was obtained from. Also, its composition is influenced by the rocks through which underground rivers feed the basin. Depending on the area where the artesian well was drilled, water can flow out or flow from it, and in some cases it is necessary to install a pump.
Special equipment is used for drilling.Such equipment is mobile, for it use trucks ZIL, MAZ or KAMAZ. When drilling, it is important to prevent dirty upper water from getting into clean lower waters. To solve this problem, proceed as follows. An artesian well is drilled to a limestone formation, then the casing or casing is lowered into it. Outside, the pipe or column is cemented. This prevents the ingress of particles of unstable rock formations into the water, as well as the ingress of polluted water from the layers lying above the limestone. Instead of cement, compactonite is also used - clay, which swells when moisture gets into it. It forms a protective layer that is in no way inferior to cement.
Further drilling is carried out directly on the reservoir.limestone until a complete aquifer breakdown occurs. The production column or pipe is installed. It is better to use plastic pipes, as they are not subject to corrosion.
Drilling artesian wells requires largefinancial investments. As a rule, to do this, turn to specialists who are licensed to exploration. But you can consider this option as an artesian well with your own hands. It should be noted right away that it will be quite difficult to make it.
To do this, you need a tripod with a height of 4 meters,pipes with a length of 3 meters in the quantity necessary to reach an aquifer with the connection of all pipes, a rope of appropriate length or a heavy hammer.
The first pipe to be driven should be with notchesclosed special mesh. First you need to dig a well of small depth. A pointed tip is put on the first pipe to be driven on one side, and on the other side is a coupling sleeve. The pipe is installed in the well and driven into the ground at a certain depth by an ordinary sledge hammer. Then a rope is thrown over a tripod, at one end of which a heavy hammer is attached. Several people pull the rope, lifting the hammer, then throw. When the first pipe is clogged almost to the end, a second pipe with a thread is attached to it through the sleeve, and the process continues until the first pipe reaches the aquifer of the rock. Having achieved the flow of water through the blocked pipes, you need to install the necessary equipment, a crane or a pump in the well. The artesian well at the site is ready for use.
