Elements of reinforcement, firmly fastened togetherand installed in the frame of a reinforced concrete structure, are intended to reinforce concrete during compression and the perception of tensile stress. The bars reinforcing the reinforced concrete structure must be strong, plastic, provide good adhesion to concrete and be distinguished by high weldability.
- Hot-rolled rod armature.
- Cold drawn wire.
Application of hot-rolled reinforcement
When building a reinforced concrete building frameis assembled from smooth reinforcement and periodic profile. Smooth, without a corrugated surface, the profile of constructional low-alloy steel is mainly used for joining together in a single frame structure. And also from it are made loops of ferro-concrete blocks, for convenience of their moving by cranes.
The periodic profile has on its surfaceSpiral and longitudinal protrusions to improve adhesion to concrete in the production of blocks, pouring foundations of buildings or erecting a monolithic reinforced concrete structure.
Calculation of reinforcement weight according to the table
The weight of one running meter of the reinforcement is independent offrom the type of profile, that is, the surface type - smooth or corrugated. The weight of the reinforcement in the table is calculated based on the diameter of the rod. Today, in the construction of reinforced concrete reinforcing bars with a diameter of 6 to 90 mm are used.
To calculate the volume of the order, it is necessary to know the weight of 1 running meter of the reinforcing bar and the number needed to assemble the frame of the structure.
| Profile diameter in mm | Weight 1 meter in kilograms | Number of running meters in 1 ton |
| db | 0,222 | 4505 |
| d8 | 0,395 | 2532 |
| d10 | 0,617 | 1620 |
| d12 | 0,888 | 1126 |
| d14 | 1,210 | 826 |
| d16 | 1,580 | 633 |
| d18 | 2,000 | 500 |
| d20 | 2,470 | 405 |
| d22 | 2,980 | 336 |
| d25 | 3,850 | 260 |
| d28 | 4,830 | 207 |
| d32 | 6,310 | 158 |
| d36 | 7,990 | 125 |
| d40 | 9,870 | 101 |
| d45 | 12,480 | 80 |
| d50 | 15,410 | 65 |
| d55 | 18,65 | 54 |
| d60 | 22,19 | 45 |
| d70 | 30,21 | 33 |
| d80 | 39,46 | 25 |
It helps to calculate the table weight of reinforcement with a bar length of 1 meter.
Thus, the calculations are substantially simplified,if the length and width of the mesh are known for reinforcing the frame of a building or foundation, as well as the size of the cell. To calculate the mass of reinforcement, it is enough for builders to look at the weight table of the reinforcement, the mass of the rod of the corresponding diameter.
Pipeline accessories
Today the service of any industrial and domesticstructures is not possible without a pipeline system. A significant role in the uninterrupted operation of the pipeline is played by various devices that allow controlling the flow of liquid, gaseous, powder and other substances. Pipeline valves perform such functions as: intensity adjustment, feeding, disconnection, mixing, pipeline movement of various raw materials.
Classification of pipeline fittings
Valves for pipelines are classified according to several criteria:
- Purpose: regulating, safety, shut-off, distributive-mixing.
- Area and conditions of application: general technical and special.
- The principle of operation: controlled and autonomous.
- The design of the connecting branch pipes: flanged, stem, muff, welded.
- Way of moving the regulating and closing element: valve, valve, valve, cock.
- Nominal passage: small, medium and large.
- Conditional pressure: vacuum, absolute pressure, small, medium, high and ultra-high pressure.
Most often when laying a pipelineLocking devices made of brass and cast iron are used. In order to choose the correct mechanism, when ordering it is necessary to familiarize yourself with all the characteristics of the valve, including the table of the weight of the stop valves.
