Для освещения помещений электричество used for a long time. For a long time, only incandescent bulbs were used in apartments, offices, shops, houses, etc. These small devices are still appreciated mainly for a fairly powerful stream of light, which has, among other things, a pleasant natural shade for the eyes. However, incandescent bulbs have several significant drawbacks. First of all, these are high indicators in terms of electricity consumption and a short service life. Therefore, in recent years, lighting devices of other types are becoming more and more popular - economical and durable. Among the latter are the recently invented LED LED lamps.
A bit of history
Впервые светодиод был изготовлен известным engineer Nick Holonyac in 1962. The device he designed emitted visible red light. Shortly after the appearance of this interesting invention, the American company Monsanto put its production on stream. The first device of this type came off the assembly line in 1968. The light bulbs manufactured by Monsanto were intended for use in mainly digital clocks and calculators. The next few decades, LEDs were used only in industrial and consumer electronics.
LED-лампы 220V, испускающие яркий белый свет и intended for lighting of premises for different purposes, began to be produced only in 1997. The creator of the first such device was the American Fred Schubert. In our time, such devices are already used in many industrial and residential premises.
Basic construction elements
Modern LED LED lamps are assembled using the following components:
The cap. As in incandescent lamps, this element in this case is intended for screwing the device into the lamp holder.
Драйвера в пластиковом корпусе с вентиляционными holes. This node is designed to convert AC to DC. In addition, its design includes special capacitors necessary for cooling the lamp. Another element is the Zener diode, which is used to equalize the voltage drops in the network.
Radiator. This unit is made of aluminum and has a very large number of ribs. It is also necessary for cooling the LED.
Made from aluminum board. On its side, which faces the radiator, special thermal grease is applied. About 90% of the heat emitted by the LED is transferred to the board.
Diffuser. LED lamps give narrowly focused light. This element in their design is designed to disperse it in order to evenly illuminate the room.
LED itself.
As you can see, compared with conventional incandescent bulbs, the devices we are considering have a more complex structure.
What is the LED
Конечно же, именно этот элемент является в лампе the main. Actually, an LED is a special semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into light. The main structural elements of this device are:
Substrate, conductive current.
LED crystal laid on it.
The body, which encloses both elements. On one side there are contacts, and on the other is a lens. Between the last and the LED crystal silicone is poured.
Aluminum base, on which all elements are fixed.
Principle of operation
LED functions due to specialthe process of recombination of electrons between two contacts with different degrees of conductivity. At the points where the latter emerges, the crystal, on the one hand, undergoes doping with an acceptor impurity containing a small amount of electrons, and on the other, an increased amount. The recombination occurs immediately after the lamp is turned on in the network. As a result, there is excess energy, which is converted into luminous flux.
Main characteristics
The owners of houses, offices, shops and apartments, choosing LED LED-lamps, first of all pay attention to three main parameters:
The degree of heat flow.Lamps of this type can give light of different shades. Devices emitting a cold stream are mainly used in public institutions. For apartments and houses more often choose lamps with a "warm" light. The most popular types, therefore, are models at 2700, 3000 and 3300 K.
Type of cap. The standard option is the LED-lamp E27. Models with this base suitable for all household fixtures. Also available are LED minions marked with E14.
Power device. As you know, the most popular are incandescent lamps of 60-100 watts. These indicators correspond to 7-13 W LEDs.
What device to buy for an apartment?
Thus, the answer to the question of how to choose an LED light bulb for the house is not complicated. The best option for living space would be a device with an E27 base and a warm heat flow of 2700 K.
As for power, in this casethe choice depends mostly on the specific purposes for which the device is supposed to be used. For example, a thirteen-watt E27 LED lamp (an analogue of a 100 watt incandescent device) is best suited for a living room or office. For the bedroom is better to choose a model of 7-10 watts. The same lamps are suitable for the kitchen and a small hallway.
The advantages of devices
So what exactly are the advantages of LED-lamp? Reviews of devices of this type are mostly good. According to consumers, they are:
Economical. A device of this kind consumes energy 20 times less than an incandescent lamp at the same light intensity.
Have a long service life. LEDs without the need for replacement can be used up to one hundred thousand hours.
Resistant to shock, vibration and low temperatures. Thanks to this, LED lamps can also be used for street lighting.
Environmentally friendly. Unlike conventional energy-saving, LED lamps do not have mercury. This increases the safety of lighting and facilitates the disposal process.
Do not give UV radiation. When using lamps of this type, furniture upholstery, paint in paintings, etc. do not burn out.
LED disadvantages
Thus, the advantages of this lampThere are many varieties. But they, of course, have certain disadvantages. High cost is what primarily relates to the disadvantages of such a device as an LED lamp. The price of household LEDs can range from 600-3000 rubles. On sale, of course, there are cheaper options made in China. However, they should be purchased with caution. The fact is that cheapness in this case can only be explained by savings on components.
The second significant disadvantage of LED lampstheir sensitivity to voltage drops is considered. Sometimes residents of large cities who own small land plots are interested in how to choose an LED light bulb for a house in the country. Unfortunately, in the country, such devices can not always be used, and all because of frequent voltage drops.
Another minus of lamps of this varietyit is believed that they can not be screwed into closed fixtures. With constant overheating, such devices very quickly become unusable. For the same reason, it is not recommended to use LED lamps in specialized rooms with too high air temperature. After several months of use under such conditions, the device will begin to produce unacceptably dim light.
The fact that this type of lamp emitsnarrowly directed flow can also be attributed to their minuses. Using a diffuser makes the device more expensive. In addition, when it is used, the power of the light flux emitted by the lamp is significantly reduced.
Most popular producers
Brand of devices of this type on modernthere are many in the Russian market. Which manufacturer should be preferred when choosing a device such as an LED lamp? Reviews of devices of this type are generally positive. However, the highest reliability, according to customers, has products of European brands. Chinese lighting fixtures, as already mentioned, can not always boast of quality. The same is worth saying about the products of domestic manufacturers.
Из европейских марок наибольшей популярностью, judging by the reviews, they use Artpole, ASD and Navigator LED lamps. The most expensive at the same time is the products of the company "Artpole". ASD and Navigator are cheaper, but give a slightly dimmer luminous flux. The lamps of these manufacturers are quite different in design. But in this case, the choice, of course, will depend on the personal taste preferences of the buyer.
Thus, to the main advantagesLED lamps can be attributed primarily to cost-effectiveness and long life. Their undoubted advantage is environmental cleanliness. What LED bulbs are best for home or office? According to consumers, it is better to purchase models from a well-known manufacturer. Only the high-quality device will justify the high cost - due to cost-effectiveness. A cheap Chinese light bulb is likely to fail very quickly.
