The assessment of the financial condition of an enterprise is based on the following actions:
- collection of information and its analytical processing for a specific period of time to be assessed;
- justification and classification of the indicators used for such an assessment;
- calculation of the resulting indicator of evaluation;
- ranking of economic entities by rating.
As a result of the qualitative implementation of the thirdstage of the analysis of financial results, the resulting rating takes into account the full range of key parameters of the financial and operational activities of the entity. In other words, a complete analysis of economic activity.
Indicators of the financial condition of the enterpriseinclude the following data: the production potential of the business entity, the profitability of its products, the effectiveness of the use of available financial resources. The sources of formation, status and location of other resources of the organization can also be referred to here.
Justification and selection of baselinesthe activities of the enterprise are carried out on the basis of the main provisions of the theory of finance, as well as the needs of the company's management in the assessment After all, a qualitative assessment of the financial condition of an enterprise cannot be built on an arbitrary choice of indicators.
So, let's try to systematize the generally accepted indicators and disband them into four groups.
Первая группа включает такие важные показатели, as the profitability of business entities. Based on the theory, profitability is calculated as the ratio of the net profit to the value of the assets of the enterprise (or its own funds).
The second group of indicators is responsible for assessingmanagement efficiency of the company. It is advisable to consider the four generally accepted indicators of profit: balance sheet or gross, net, from the sale of products and, finally, the overall figure - from the entire implementation. The effectiveness of the management of the organization is determined by the ratio of these profit indicators to the revenue of the subject.
Evaluation of the financial condition of the companyBased on the indicators of the third group provides for an assessment of the business activity of the subject This category of coefficients is calculated in several ways:
- return of all types of assets - as private proceeds to the currency of the balance;
- capital productivity - the ratio of revenue to the value of fixed assets in conjunction with intangible assets;
- asset turnover (the number of their turnover) - the ratio of the same revenue, but now to the value of working capital.
Similarly calculated inventory turnoverbank assets, receivables, only in the formula as the denominator used are the indicators of the cost of stocks, the value of cash and total receivables, respectively.
Analysis of the financial condition of the organization using the fourth group of indicators is carried out by:
- assess current liquidity as a calculation of the ratio of all current assets to the value of liabilities requiring repayment promptly;
- calculation of the critical liquidity ratio by the ratio of the totality of current assets, including cash, and receivables to term liabilities.
Также к данной группе могут быть отнесены indicators of the market sustainability of the organization: the permanent asset index; the availability of working capital at the disposal of the enterprise for the repayment of arrears of stocks and other expenses.
A full assessment of the financial condition of the company can not be carried out without using such source data as the volume of production and profit in the reporting period.
