Rice, as you know, is a southern culture.The traditional region of its cultivation is Asia. However, rice is grown here in Russia. And most of the areas used for this culture, is concentrated in the Krasnodar Territory. Rice is grown in this region by special technology.
A bit of history: farms in the 1920s
Возделывать рис на Кубани начали еще во времена THE USSR. In the 20-30 years in the Krasnodar Territory large areas of floods overgrown with reeds were drained. It was these damp earths that they decided to use for planting rice. The area of the first experimental site allocated for this culture was 50 hectares. Created by domestic farmers, the new exclusive method of growing rice in the following years was constantly improved. At first, the yields of this crop in the Krasnodar Territory were only about 21-22 quintals per hectare. In the future, these indicators have increased steadily.
Approximately 10 years after the beginning of cultivationrice in the Kuban were built two reservoirs, intended for the creation of irrigation systems. They were designed in such a way that the water resources in the subsequent would be enough for 70 thousand hectares of rice fields.
In the times of the USSR
Completely irrigation system for this cropwas established in the USSR by the 1980s. Until the 1990s, the rice industry was considered one of the most profitable in our country. The total area of cultivated fields was about 300 thousand hectares in Soviet times.
With the collapse of the country fell into decay and riceeconomy of the Krasnodar Territory. In the 1990s, the yield of this crop in Russia approached the first historical indicators and amounted to only 25 hectares per hectare. At the same time, sown areas were reduced to 90 thousand hectares.
Farm problems in our day
Сегодня рисовая отрасль Краснодарского края reborn. In 2014, the area allocated for this culture, was already about 167 thousand hectares. But, unfortunately, and still the rice industry in the region is experiencing some difficulties. So, for example, until 2016, no new irrigation system was built in the province. All used in the fields were created in Soviet times.
Rice growing in the Krasnodar region: features
Cultivated this southern plant inspecial technology. The method of its cultivation, of course, is similar to that used in Asian countries. However, in the technology of rice cultivation in the Kuban there are also quite significant differences.
For example, Krasnodar rice is neverIt is cultivated on the same place from year to year for decades. The farms of the region must observe the crop rotation without fail. Every two to three years, wheat or soybean is planted in the rice field. This makes it possible to significantly increase crop yields and reduce the possibility of spoilage by pests.
Rice harvesting in the Krasnodar Territory is carried outonly after complete drainage of the fields. This is also one of the features of the technology used in southern Russia. In Asian countries, in most cases of poor, fields are usually not drained. Collect the rice there peasants often manually, directly in the water. Of course, work is very difficult. Russian farmers use this technique in cultivating and harvesting this crop, of course, modern technology.
In some areas of the province, and in particular, on the leftshore of the Kuban, the thickness of the fertile soil layer on the fields is only about 15 cm. Therefore, when growing rice, local farms are forced to use quite a large number of fertilizers. In order for groats to be supplied to food industry enterprises and quality stores in the future, agrarians make a careful analysis of the leaves of plants before introducing additional fertilizing. In the laboratory, it is determined which substances are lacking in culture at a given time. In accordance with the received data, additional fertilizing is also carried out. The soil in this approach to the case is not contaminated by any excess chemicals.
How rice is grown in the Krasnodar Territory: technology
This culture is sown in the Kuban on checks.This is how small fields of 5 hectares are called. Really, the plant is very unusual. Unlike most other varieties of cereals, it is able to transfer oxygen from the leaves to the roots. That is, it can be grown, being almost completely immersed in water.
The main elements of the irrigation system in the rice fields are:
- a source;
- common distribution channel;
- irrigation canals.
The source of water supply to the fields can be eitheran artificial reservoir, and the Kuban River or some nearby lake. Special distribution equipment is installed in the distribution channels. Irrigation trenches are separated from them by bolts. By the checks themselves, shallow grooves are dripped. When the valves are opened, water starts to flow into the irrigation canals. Further, it moves into the grooves on the checks and is distributed in all directions. This is how flooding occurs. The water level is raised to the required level when landing approximately in 24 hours. Sometimes it takes a little more time.
In order to monitor the level of water rise,the producer of Krasnodar rice sets on the checks special rails with a scale. Actually, the control is carried out by agronomists of farms during field trips. Workers-waterers in the future, if necessary, raise or lower the gate valves of channels, thereby regulating the level.
Yields and prospects
As already mentioned, the rice industry inThe Krasnodar Territory continues to revive. To date, the yield of this crop in Russia is about 200 thousand tons of grain annually. To cover the internal needs of the country, this is quite enough. Russia even has the opportunity to annually import about 50 thousand tons of cereals. The domestic Krasnodar rice is supplied mainly to the countries of the near abroad.
In terms of productivity, Russian farms in 2016,according to statistics, even caught up with the Italian. Comparison in this case can be carried out, since there are domestic complexes and farms of this southern state practically on one latitude. Italian varieties of rice in Russia, thanks to the use of modern domestic cultivation technologies, grow faster, less sick and give more grain.
As many experts believe, rice growing inedge is a very promising branch. Modernizing farms, purchasing new modern equipment, increasing the overall training of workers - all this, according to forecasts, can lead to an increase in yield almost twice.
The rice industry in our country is, toUnfortunately, it is quite expensive. According to estimates, the farms spend up to 60 thousand rubles per season for growing only one hectare of this crop. But the profits of such agrarian complexes can be quite large. The quality of Krasnodar rice is simply excellent. And therefore, it is bought by domestic consumers, and foreign consumers are very willing.
How to harvest
Thus, subject to compliance with technologycultivation of this crop is very fruitful - Krasnodar rice. How to grow it, we found out. Rice harvesting in the south of Russia is performed after drainage using special harvesters. This modern technology is responsible, among other things, for threshing grain.
Today, rice yield in the Kuban is about 1 million tons per year. By 2017, 99 farms were engaged in the cultivation of this crop. 23 of them are small businesses.
Equipment for processing of products
In the sale, as is known, the rice comes not inears, and already in the form of cereals. Unfortunately, equipment for processing this crop, including harvesters, is not produced in Russia, unfortunately. The same that is available, with loads during harvesting usually does not cope. Therefore, for processing rice in the Krasnodar Territory, imported equipment is usually used. It is purchased more often all in countries that are traditional rice producers - in China, Japan, South Korea, etc.
Selection
Of course, to develop the rice industry inKrasnodar Territory can not only on condition that new technologies and modern equipment are used. Much in this respect depends on what sorts of this crop will be grown in the fields. In the province, among other things, the selection work is carried out with rice. Displayed at the stations as rice, Krasnodar round-grain, and long-grain.
Get a new variety of this culture anyThe species, unfortunately, is quite difficult. It takes about 7 years to breed. However, the agrarians of the region do not stop such difficulties. In the region, not only ordinary, but also elite cultivars are constantly displayed.
Comments of consumers about Krasnodar rice
It is cultivated, and consequently, and acts onshelves in the region both round and long grain rice. Reviews this domestic croup in consumers deserved just excellent. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, since Krasnodar rice is grown with the observance of crop rotation, the product is environmentally friendly and maximally beneficial for health. Secondly, the excellent quality of domestic cereals is determined by the climate of the Krasnodar Territory. In the Kuban it is not as hot as, for example, in Vietnam or China. Therefore, ears in this region are rarely infected with various pests that do not tolerate too low temperatures.
The high quality of Kuban rice is said, thoughwould be the fact that on the market today there is also counterfeit Asian products sold under the guise of Krasnodar. Such rice is grown in worse conditions and, of course, does not have the same excellent taste qualities as collected in the south of Russia.
