Modern agriculture is impossiblesubmit without mechanized equipment. One of the most demanded field harvesting machines is a baler. This unit makes it possible not only to significantly reduce the time for drying and collecting hay, but also significantly reduces the complexity of the process.
What is a baler?
For agricultural work usetractor, to which, depending on the functions, attach attachable tool. For harvesting used rotary mower. She puts the mowed grass in the roll, which is almost ready for further technical processing. After some time, the bevelled mass will dry, and the roll can be transported. At this stage, the baler comes into operation. The main function of this machine is to pick up straw or hay, to compress and form bales.
Types of mechanism
There are many bale classifications:
- According to the form of hay bale formationbale and roll presses. The mechanisms of the first type under the influence of the piston on the hay form rectangular bales. And the roll presses form bales by twisting the dry mass into the cylinder.
- According to the degree of compaction of the mass: presses with low (up to 100 kg / m³), medium (100–200 kg / m³) and high (200–300 kg / m³) pressing density.
- According to the method of feeding straw into the bale chamber: presses with side, front and top feed of dry grass.
- By type of aggregation: trailed, self-propelled, mounted and semi-mounted balers.
In domestic agriculture, balers of roll and bale types are most often used.
The principle of operation of the round baler
During the movement of the unit over the roll workbaler fingers that pick up the hay and feed it into the bale chamber. In this compartment, with the help of rollers and a pressing mechanism, the mass rotates. At the same time, the supply of a new portion of hay is constantly continuing. During rotation, the mass is compacted.
As hay arrives, mass densityis increasing. When the highest possible bale density is reached, a signal is fed through the upper drum to a special device. When hay is fed into the bale chamber, the upper roll of the press prevents clogging of the receiving hole. After the alarm is triggered, the tractor operator switches on the wrapping machine. The baler stops, the coil is wrapped with a string.
After winding the tractor driver opens the rear panel.the camera, and the roll with the help of rotating lower rollers is unloaded on the ground. After closing the back cover of the chamber, the press starts working again, and the process of bale formation is repeated.
To get a quality roll with goodpreservation, humidity of hay or straw should be 20–23%. Also for the best formation of the bale is recommended to carry out pressing in the morning or evening.
Pros and cons of the roll unit
The main advantages of the roll press -cycle time. Compared to a bale machine, the round baler is easy to use and maintain. Also this mechanism is easier to repair.
Due to the cylindrical shape of the bale roll presshas a significant drawback - the overall briquette of hay. As a result, there are difficulties in transportation and loading and unloading. Therefore, there is a need to use additional mechanisms. And such auxiliary manipulators and lifting machines are not cheap. In addition, additional resources will be used for their maintenance: materials, raw materials and human labor.
The principle of the bale press
The collection of oblique mass occurs with the help of teethplaced on gross compartments. Processing of hay and straw bale aggregate by using a piston, which presses the mass of the reciprocating movements in special compartments. At the same time it is possible to adjust the length of the bales.
Обработанная масса упаковывается в блоки rectangular shapes that are tightly tied with twine. A baler allows you to form a crop collected in several bales into one dimensional block. During operation, the unit can capture an area from 2 to 2.5 meters, while not obstructing the movement overview.
If third-party items get into the press or whenexcessive accumulation of mass all the excess passes through the pulley. This allows not only to form high-quality bales with the same amount of hay, but also protects the drive from damage.
The baler is controlled directly from the tractor cabin.
Pros and cons of a bale baler
The main advantage of the bale press -the ability to adjust the density of the bale. At the same time, compared with the roll unit, the formed bales are much smaller. This allows you to unload the bales, not only mechanized, but also manually.
Также тюковые прессы имеют лучшие performance characteristics. So, transporting rectangular bales is much easier compared to rolls. In one body it is possible to place rectangular bales 1.2 times more than rolls. In addition, they are easier to store in storage. They are even used for temporary livestock fencing. All these advantages provide a high demand for bale balers. The only disadvantage of this unit is the high cost.
Baler for compact tractors
Recently, an increasing popularityenjoys a mini-press that can be used in conjunction with a walk-behind tractor or a small tractor. Due to the small size of the mini baler is very convenient to use in small areas. Therefore, it is often used by individual farmers or in small farms.
Mini-press can also be rolled or bale.The main advantage of this unit is that it forms small bales weighing up to 20 kg. Therefore, compressed hay can be easily unloaded / loaded and transported. Some models of mini-press have the additional function of adjusting the size of the bale or the diameter of the roll. It is always very convenient.
Car cost
Like any other agricultural equipment,baler is not cheap. Today the market offers a large range of this technology. Manufacturers produce presses with different technical capabilities and modifications. If you need to choose a baler, the price is not the most important criterion. During the purchase of the unit, you need to pay attention to the type of machine (bale or roll press), power, build quality and briquette formation, performance, bale density, bale chamber dimensions, travel speed, field processing width, economy in maintenance. It is equally important to choose a press of a well-known manufacturer, which produces a high-quality and reliable unit. After all, agricultural machinery should serve for a long time and have good operational capabilities. Therefore, it is very often possible to notice that the price of the same baler varies significantly among manufacturers. For example, a roll unit of the Italian company Super costs 750 thousand rubles. For the same mechanism of domestic production, you need to pay about 400 thousand rubles. And the baler 145, produced by LLC Ancona, can be bought at the factory for 375 thousand rubles. Russian bale type press costs from 450 thousand rubles.
Balers for mini tractors are a bit cheaper. The average price for a mini-press of Russian production is 350 thousand rubles. A similar unit of the Chinese company is 1.5 times cheaper.
