Gearbox VAZ-2114: device, operation, maintenance and repair

Modern cars are equipped with different typestransmissions. It can be automatic with all known “bagel-torque converter”, stepless variator, DSG (concern “Audi”), automatic, and so on. But no matter how the transmissions are improved, the classic "mechanics" is considered to be one of the most reliable. Such equip all cars of domestic production. The exceptions are the latest generations of the Kalina and Vesta in the top trim levels, where the automatic transmission is installed. VAZ-2114, regardless of the year of manufacture and configuration, always equipped with "mechanics". Well, let's consider its structure, operation principle and operation features.

Appointment

Manual transmission is used to transfertorque from the engine to the wheels. It is controlled by a special lever (PPC link). VAZ-2114 is equipped with a classic "pyatistupka", as well as the "Priora", "dozens" and other cars of domestic production.

Device

The design of the transmission VAZ-2114 assumes the presence of the following elements:

• Gear box.
• Shafts. There are several of them. This is primary, secondary and intermediate.
• Synchronizers.
• Reverse gear. It consists of an additional gear and shaft.
• Gear lever.
• Carter transmissions.
• Drain and fill hole for oil.
• Probe and breather.

The gearshift is on the lever.

As you can see, everything is quite simple and clear.By the way, on the first generations of “Samara” 4-speed boxes were used. But now they are rarely found. So, let's take a closer look at the design of the VAZ-2114 Samara-2 gearbox. All major transmission assemblies are contained in the crankcase. It is securely mounted on the car's engine. It also contains oil. When the gears are working, the gear teeth become very hot. Without lubrication, their life is significantly reduced. Therefore, in the crankcase there is from two to four liters of oil, depending on the type of car. At the VAZ-2114 checkpoint, it is recommended to use 3.3 liters of transmission lubricant. So, we will continue to study the device. As for the shafts, when the unit is working, they rotate in bearings and have a set of five gears with different gear ratios. In order for each program to switch on clearly and smoothly, synchronizers are provided. They smooth shocks from rotating gears when you turn on a certain speed. Gear shift performs gearshift lever associated with the scenes. It is fed directly into the box. Also in the design of the transmission has a locking device that prevents the spontaneous shutdown of the transmission and locking mechanism. It prevents the inclusion of multiple speeds in the box.

Gear Algorithm

Thanks to these details, perception andtransmission of torque from the engine flywheel farther to the wheels. Each gear has a different number of teeth and a gear ratio. With each subsequent transfer, it decreases.

Thus, the lower the gear ratio, the higher the speed of rotation of the wheels. In this case, the torque is reduced. That is, the first and the rear gears can be called the most torquey.

Rear

Что касается последней, ее передаточное число is 3.53. Rear speed ensures that the transmission shaft rotates in the opposite direction. For this, it needs an additional shaft with a separate gear. As a result, the number of pairs of gears changes to odd, and the torque changes its direction. Also, this program is deprived of a synchronizer - at the speed of its inclusion will not work. Gearbox VAZ-2114 has a transmission with an equal gear ratio, which is 0.941. This is the fourth speed. Thus, the secondary shaft of the transmission rotates with the same force as the secondary. That is, the angular velocity of rotation of the two elements is the same. Its motorists are called "direct."

Gear Features

The highest vehicle torque is onfirst speed. The engine is easy to rotate the wheels, but the speed of the machine will not exceed 40 kilometers per hour. When this speed is reached, the tachometer needle is usually in the red scale. Therefore, for further movement it is necessary to switch to a weaker, but fast transfer. Then on the third, quad, and so on. All switching should be done consistently. Engine power is not enough to confidently accelerate the car at 20 kilometers in 3rd gear. Of course, if this is not a 5-liter V-8.

In our case, it is the VAZ of the 14th model, and forNormal acceleration dynamics need to consistently switch speeds, reducing the gear ratio. The fastest is the "fifth". The load on the engine is minimal, hence low fuel consumption. If a car spends 11-13 liters in a city, then this indicator will not exceed seven on the highway. But this transmission has one drawback. It is practically devoid of torque. To gain speed further, the engine will take a long time. Therefore, for overtaking it is better to use “reduced”, in our case it is “direct”, fourth speed.

Operation, repair and maintenance

To exclude repairs of the VAZ-2114 gearbox,The manufacturer recommends regular oil changes. In general, most mechanical transmissions are unattended. That is, the replacement period of the lubricant is the resource of the checkpoint itself. But this applies to imported cars. Regarding the "Samara" we can say that for the normal operation of the gears you need to change the oil in the gearbox. VAZ 2114 is no exception. The manufacturer allocates a period of 60 thousand kilometers. It is also recommended to change it after a long idle. For example, after “wintering” the car in the garage or on the street. Unlike motor oil, gear oil has a higher viscosity. For the car VAZ-2114 it is 80W-85.

If the oil is changed according to the regulations, itreliable protection of the transmission from repair. But it also happens that the box starts to buzz. In this case, change gears. Due to wear, the gap between the teeth increases. There is a backlash during rotation, which is accompanied by a roar. He can be on one or several programs. After such a repair, the noise in the box disappears. By the way, some motorists use thicker lubricants to eliminate hum. But it is worth remembering that this is only a temporary solution and it will only briefly delay the repair of the transmission.

Changing the oil in a manual transmission

Для начала следует подготовить нужное количество oils and old tank for "working off". The standard volume for five-speed boxes is 3.3 liters. The procedure for changing the oil is not difficult, you can do it yourself. It is poured through the probe. It is preliminary recommended to “warm up” the box so that the oil becomes more liquid (especially in winter). Pre-clean the surface of the drain and filler (as a rule, it is unscrewed probe) from dirt. After removing the rubber plug and using the wire we clean the hole itself. Substitute capacity for old oil. It can be made from waste plastic canister by cutting its side with a knife.

Next, unscrew the drain bolt and wait until the "working out". Обычно она черного цвета.Then we twist the cork, take out the dipstick and pour new oil through the hole. Pouring is necessary until such time as it pours from the "hatch". Then tighten the neck, start the engine and check for leaks. It is not necessary to tightly tighten the bolts, as you can break the thread in the future. If, after the oil replacement procedure, the gearshift lever has not stopped “kicking”, and the transmission is buzzing, then a complete diagnosis of the transmission is necessary. Usually it is synchronizers or gears.

How to extend the service life?

To increase the life of the gearbox,It is necessary not only to change the oil regularly, but also to switch it correctly. You should not pull the gearshift lever - when moving from the “first” to the “second”, adhere to small pauses.

Так вы сохраните синхронизаторы и снизите voltage on gears. Regardless of what your gear shift scheme, you do not need to hold your hand on the gearshift lever for a long time. Some use it as an armrest. It is not right. Switched the speed - let go of the hand. So you delay the repair of the box and eliminate the occurrence of a hum when driving.

Conclusion

So, we found out the device and the principle of operationmechanical transmission car VAZ-2114. Generally speaking, the mechanism of "mechanics" is very reliable - it is difficult to break it. But with the untimely replacement of oil and aggressive switching its resource is reduced several times.