A wagon is a large truck createdfor transportation of bulky goods. This name comes from the German Fuhre - strength, load. Formerly so called wide and long carts drawn by horses or oxen. The height of the truck was arbitrary. Depending on the specifics of the things being transported, the sides of the cart could be removed or, on the contrary, increased.
Why do we need trucks?
With the development of the automotive industry, this word beganuse as the name of a large tractor towing semi-trailers. Today, such transport is used to transport goods over long distances. Usually trucks are used by large companies and manufacturing enterprises.
They are convenient because they can fitlarge cargoes, the volume of which reaches 120 cubic meters. Moreover, in tilted trailers, transportable units can be completely different - special fasteners allow you to securely fix them. For transportation of bulk products or building materials, special side-mounted long-length trailers are usually used, with extended sides, which increase the height of the truck.
When transporting special equipment and oversized cargo used length gauges with reinforced frames.
Cargo specificity
All transported goods are divided into classes and types. Among them, especially distinguished:
- dangerous;
- large;
- perishable.
Each of these species has its own norms andtransportation requirements. Transportation of cargo, if the height of the truck allows, can be packaged unit or bulk. Packaged unit transportation is a more reliable dispatch option.
For any relocatable items choosea certain type of suitable vehicles equipped with special equipment. According to the characteristics of the transported units - their volume, mass, temperature, storage mode and packing method - determine the type of semi-trailer.
Truck dimensions: selection by type of cargo and its dimensions
Many transport companies rent modern trucks for rent. Today the choice of the proposed trucks is very diverse. And the most popular are:
- semi trailers;
- reefer bodies and semi-trailers;
- “Road trains” or Euro-trucks;
- isothermal bodies;
- platforms for oversized cargo;
- open platforms;
- body type "Jumbo".
The weight, length, width and height of the truck canvary depending on the type and model. For example, a standard “road train” can transport from 16 to 25 tons. It will include from 22 to 33 pallets. The net volume can vary from 60 to 120 cubic meters. This type of vehicle is perfect for the transport of most types of goods, in addition to dangerous, perishable and long.
But the platform for oversized cargo (despiteon the fact that it can carry from 20 to 40 tons) hardly anyone will use to transport laden pallets - usually oversized units, containers, construction mechanisms and special equipment are moved on it. The height of the truck from the ground to the top of the load may be more than three meters.
Properly selected vehicle is a guarantee of high-quality and reliable delivery.
Types of heavy trucks
One of the most common types of heavy trucks are flatbed semi-trailers. They are used in the transportation of pipes, metal fittings, building materials.
У тенованного полуприцепа могут быть борта или metal racks instead. In such a heavy load, everything that fits in size and temperature is transported. Due to the distinctive features of the design, in this type of semi-trailers it is convenient to carry out loading and unloading operations. The height of the truck 20 tons is usually 2.45 meters. Very often when transporting some goods, the tent frame is removed. Then this semi-trailer is used as an open platform.
For transportation of bulk cargo (gravel, sand,grains, etc.) use long-length semi-trailers equipped with a tilting unloading platform. Dump semitrailers can unload from one or three sides.
When transporting perishable products, medicines and flowers, isothermal semi-trailers or refrigerated trailers are commonly used.
With the help of special tankers transport refined products. They are equipped with double walls, the space between which is filled with flame-resistant material.
Jumbo-type bodies have large internalvolume. Due to the special design and size of the truck, they are very roomy. A distinctive feature here is the unusual shape of a broken frame and reduced rear wheels. For transportation of heavy cargoes, the weight of which reaches more than one hundred tons, special low-bed trawls with a large number of axles are used.
Wagon construction
Large cars intended for transportationheavy loads over long distances, consist of two components: a cargo tractor and a semi-trailer. They are connected by special supports and clutches. A semi-trailer is not a self-propelled vehicle. Usually it moves in the composition of the train.
Truck loading capacity
Truck load capacity determines the number of axlessemi trailer. A body having one axle is designed for transportation, weighing up to 2 tons, and two axles of a semi-trailer are capable of transporting up to 8 tons. The multi-axle semi-trailer is designed for loads weighing more than 20 tons.
The height of the truck from the ground to the top, its length and width,determine the useful volume of vehicles. On average, it ranges from 60 to 96 cubic meters. The semi-trailer can have a pneumatic or spring suspension. The second option is usually used in off-road conditions.
Cargo heaviness
Vehicle heaviness along withthe load is determined by two criteria: total weight and axle load. There are special regulations for these criteria. If at least one of them is exceeded, then the load is equated to heavy. For its transportation requires a special permit for transportation and the provision of additional measures of traffic safety. There are certain requirements for the height of the truck.
