Following the subsided first emotions afterAcquisition of the long-awaited car of the newly made vehicle owner is waiting for measures to keep the car in order. Replacing the lubricant is one of the regular procedures required during operation. How much oil should be poured into the engine, which one to choose and what should be guided by this? Because of what most often the motor "eats" lubricant and how to deal with it? We will try to answer these and some other questions in this article.
Engine oil
The main component of the lubricating fluid for the power unit is the oil base, which is:
- mineral;
- semisynthetic;
- synthetic.
According to the indicators of the chemical composition and all motor oils are divided.
In addition to this characteristic, such parameters as viscosity (based on its oils are classified according to SAE) and additives (API or AGEA) are important.
What matters is what is recommended.Engine oil is offered by car manufacturers. However, not all drivers pay attention to it. The main thing that is attached is the basis, viscosity and favorite brand.
Oil base
So, mineral fluids are obtained during the processing of oil, synthetic - through chemical synthesis, and semi-synthetic - by mixing mineral and synthetic.
Many prefer semi-synthetics, considering it to be the best option in terms of price-quality ratio.
Viscosity index
Reducing friction of engine parts is a task that is solved by viscosity of oil. Especially it concerns pistons in the cylinder.
This parameter is classified by SAE, whichmeans the state of oil viscosity at different temperatures. Thus, it is understood as the minimum and maximum level within which the motor can operate efficiently and safely.
The letter between the numbers, for example W, meanswinter, which translated from English - "winter". But in the name of the oil, it means all-season, that is, the possibility of using it both in winter and in summer.
Additives
API grade additives have differentViews: API SJ, API CF-4, API SJ / CF-4. In this case, S means the type of fluid for a gasoline unit, and C - for diesel. As you can see, there are fluids separately for one and the other type of motor, as well as suitable for both.
Engine oil in the winter
To make the engine start easily in winter,should take into account some features. Most of the lubricants used in Russia are all-season in nature. But experts agree that the recommended oil in the engine during the cold season should be special, since the operating conditions in winter differ from the summer ones.
It should take into account a lot of parameters, such as the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer, engine power and engine wear, the year of production of the machine, the nature and nature of operation, and more.
For example, if a car winters in a warm garage and is used only from time to time, it is unlikely that the owner should think about changing the oil for this period.
At the same time, if the engine is far from being in the best condition, then no expensive oil will save it. In this case only repair is required.
But for modern cars that are in excellent condition, it is better not to save on oil. Then the motor will last longer and better.
How much oil should be poured into the engine
To accurately answer this question, you need to knowmake and model of car, as for each car the volume may vary. Information can be extracted from the vehicle operating manual, which contains data on the required quantity. However, even with this information, in practice, car owners often do not go without difficulties.
How much oil should I pour into the engine? After all, the norm must be strictly defined.
If you take a car of domesticproduction, the engine size from 1.8 to 2.5 liters will need three and a half liters of oil. Therefore, first pour three liters, and then, after a few minutes, after checking the measurement, add the rest of the amount. With a small level, it is gradually added in small portions until it reaches the required level.
For cars of foreign oil productionwith the same engine volume, as a rule, more is required - from 4.2 to 4.4 liters. Add it in the same way as when refueling domestic cars.
VAZ lubricant
Oil in the engine VAZ, as mentioned above,poured in kolicheste three and a half liters. However, the nominal value is higher and is 3.7 liters. In this case, you need to pay attention to the minimum and maximum marks on the dipstick, depending on what and add the required amount. When replacing it is impossible to drain all the oil. Therefore, a smaller volume is required, as indicated by the manufacturer.
Engine oil run
On average for passenger cars indicatorvaries from fifteen to twenty five thousand kilometers. However, in addition to the recommended mileage, you should consider parameters such as driving style, type and quality of fuel. If the oil has been used for a long time, overheating should be avoided, because too high a temperature affects it badly.
If the motor "eats" oil
If a constantly decreasing amount of oil is observed in the engine, the reason for this may be hiding either in poor quality or in emerging engine problems.
When the engine "eats" the oil, in small portionsover and over it can be added. But in this way the problem is not solved, but only time is removed when a full inspection and repair of the power unit is required. If such greedy consumption is not related to the quality of the lubricating fluid, the reason may be hiding in the combustion in the cylinders or leakage through a bad seal.
Combustion is easy to spot by observing color.exhaust gases. If they have a bluish tint, the problem lies in the oil rings. Even if you turn off the engine and look at the presence or absence of thick black bloom, you can determine this problem. The solution in this case can be only one thing - the complete replacement of both oil scraper and compression rings.
But beyond that, the cause of the malfunction maybe, as already mentioned, different seals and gaskets. It is usually the rubber seals that lose their properties over time. At the same time, oil usually flows in the joints of the crankcase and the cylinder block or a strip of the cylinder block and the timing cover.
The highest consumption is usually caused by damage to crankshaft and camshaft oil seals. Then the oil flows and you can see traces of it, if the car stood for a while in the parking lot.
It is best to immediately contact the technicalcenter as soon as similar problems are detected. Then the repair can be quite inexpensive. And in the event that the problem is started, small faults will entail more serious breakdowns, and then it will not be possible to manage without significant financial investments.
But it may happen that oil was poured,which does not match the viscosity recommended by the vehicle. As a result, even a very good engine oil becomes too fluid. Because of this, the necessary protection for the cylinders is not provided, and it itself starts to burn through.
Normal is considered such oil consumption:for every fifteen to twenty thousand kilometers from one hundred to two hundred milliliters. If at this mileage you poured more liquid, then you can talk about possible malfunctions of the motor.
Of course, too much lubricant consumptionliquids are usually not associated with serious irregularities. But to leave the problem without attention is still impossible. Moreover, the wear of the rings leads to a loss of power during operation, and also affects the fuel consumption.
Other causes of lubricant leakage
Besides those that occur most often and are describedabove, there may be other reasons, when, knowing how much oil needs to be poured into the engine in the norm and having provided one, it is necessary to add more and more of it:
- broken intake manifold control system;
- engine fluid level sensor has lost tightness;
- filter element is leaking;
- There is too much oil in it, which is why its working pressure increases - as a result, the load on the rings and the gland, which can also become unusable, increases;
- non-use of transport for a long period of time when, due to idle time, sealing elements with oil seals can crack;
- poor ventilation - if gases are collected in the crankcase, the pressure in the system will be critical and will squeeze the consumable.
So, now I understand how much oil is needed inengine when replacing and topping up during normal operation. If, however, when operating it takes more, it speaks of the emerging problems that are best solved without waiting for the emergence of more global ones.
