On special high-speed road sectionsits own rules of public transport. Virtually every driver knows that the highway is a stretch of roadway designed to drive cars at high speed. At his level, he has no intersections with other roads, paths and crossings for pedestrians.
Motorway is determined by at least twolanes in each direction of movement and a wide shoulder for emergency stops of transport. Between themselves, the roads in opposite directions are separated by special barriers (concrete blocks, metal structures, grids, chippers or other structures). At the beginning and at the end of this roadway there are special lanes providing for acceleration and braking of transport.
Road sign
Expressway requires compliancecertain rules that every vehicle driver should know. They begin to act immediately after the sign "Motorway", it is denoted by numbering 5.1 in the rules of the road. You can distinguish it by two divided white stripes on a green background and a bridge over them.
The end of the high-speed section of the roadway markthe same sign, but crossed out by a red stripe diagonally. It has numbering 5.2 in the rules of the road and is called “End of the highway”. The green color of the road sign is used only for high-speed sections of the road, which excludes the possibility of confusing it with any other.
Entry restrictions
Driving on the motorway requires driversvehicles increased attention, especially because of the high speed of the flow of cars. Not all vehicles are allowed to travel on this stretch of road. Traffic restrictions apply to:
- animals and pedestrians;
- cyclists;
- mopeds;
- self-propelled vehicles and tractors;
- Horse drawn carriages of any kind;
- any transport whose speed cannot exceed 40 km / h;
- heavy loads, whose weight is more than 3.5 tons;
- any transport moving for training purposes.
Pedestrians and animals can go to the other side through special passages located strictly underground or above the roadway.
Basic rules to follow when driving on an expressway
Motorway - the section of the road where permittedrules of the speed of 110 km / h, in other countries, this value can increase to 150 km / h. A car with a trailer must travel at a speed of 90 km / h. For vehicles with people in their backs, the speed limit is no more than 60 km / h. If any type of vehicle is being towed along the motorway, the speed should be 50 km / h.
Motorway is a highway where driversvehicles are prohibited from reversing and making stops outside special places, which are indicated by signs. Public transport is completely excluded. Also, you can not turn around and enter the technological gaps. The only exception is the transport of utilities and road services, equipped with orange beacons, as well as cars with special signals.
Motorway is a high-speed road duringmovement on which the driver is required to keep the vehicle closer to the right edge. This is spelled out in the rules of the road under paragraph 9.4. Its compliance is not affected by the location of the carriageway and the presence of settlements encountered on the road.
First World Motorways: Historical Background
For the first time in the world, such a stretch of road was opened inItaly September 21, 1924. Its length was approximately 85 km. The first motorway connected the cities of Varese and Milan. Over the next fifteen years, another five hundred kilometers of high-speed sections of roads were built in this country.
Later, this freeway appeared in Germany, andafter the end of the Second World War, the construction of these highways began in the UK and France. After 1950, highways began to actively appear in the United States of America.
By 2015, China has become the leader among all countries.total mileage and speed of construction of highways. This is a network of roads, which in total was 111950 kilometers. Almost half of them were created in the last five years.
In the Russian Federation, there are very few high-speed sections of the routes. Their construction began in the times of the Soviet Union, but is still rather poorly developed.
Construction of highways
Creating a high-speed stretch of track requireslarge financial investments. One kilometer of a high-speed motorway in Germany costs about 27 million euros, the price in our country is approximately comparable. Spending on the construction of the road itself makes up only a quarter of the total number of expenses, that is, about 7 million euros.
Major expenses occur during the planning period.and obtaining building permits. Only independent examinations require almost 6 million euros, and official inspections and conclusions of officials cost about ten million in the same currency. About 5 million euros more is required on related elements, such as road signs, landscaping, traffic control systems, the construction of noise barriers, etc.
Motorways in the Russian Federation
The main high-speed sections of roads begin in Moscow and belong to the federal highways. The sign "motorway" in our country can be found on the following roads:
- M2 "Crimea";
- M4 "Don";
- ZSD (St. Petersburg);
- M9 "Baltic";
- M11 Moscow - St. Petersburg;
- CAD (St. Petersburg);
- Р384 (Kemerovo region).
Небольшие участки с разрешенной высокой скоростью there are also other roads. If you say in your own words what a motorway is in the Russian Federation, then this is a stretch of road with a high permitted speed of movement and its own specific rules. They must be observed for their own and others safety. Therefore, every driver of the vehicle must be extremely careful while driving on the highway.
