The brain is one of the most important organs.a person who is responsible for not only the function of thinking, but also many regulatory processes in the body. Blood supply to the brain affects its work, however, in some cases, rupture of blood vessels may occur, which inevitably leads to numerous disruptions in the work of all body systems. Hemorrhage in the brain, the symptoms of which will be discussed in detail in this article, is considered one of the most dangerous phenomena for human life. In order to eliminate its consequences, doctors and patients have to make a lot of effort. The key point in this is the early detection of symptoms and signs suggesting that the brain, the photo of which many have probably seen, is undergoing pathological changes due to poor circulation.
What causes brain hemorrhage?
Наиболее часто фактором, провоцирующим разрыв blood vessels of the brain, is arterial hypertension. As a rule, the severe course of this disease causes irreversible changes of all vessels in the body, but those that nourish the brain tissues are most affected. Hemorrhage in the brain, the symptoms of which can not always be quickly recognized, occurs in a number of other cases, which include:
- rupture of previously diagnosed cerebral aneurysm;
- vascular anomalies, such as arteriovenous malformations;
- deposition on the walls of blood vessels atypical amyloid protein;
- malignant and benign brain tumors;
- regular use of drugs that contribute to blood thinning.
Listed phenomena that may becomecause rupture of blood vessels in the human brain, most often found in patients at an older age. By the nature of changes and localization of the affected areas of the brain, which are clearly visible in the images obtained by diagnosis (MRI of the brain), experts can find out the cause of the hemorrhage.
Hemorrhage in newborns - is there such a thing?
If we talk about bleeding in the brain, it is oftenit seems an adult or even an elderly patient. However, in some cases, this phenomenon can be observed in newborns. A feature of cerebral hemorrhage in babies is that several areas can be damaged at once, for example, the lateral ventricle of the brain and its cortex, or the subcortical and gray matter at the same time. The main cause of hemorrhage in a child is prematurity, especially if the fetus at the time of birth was less than 32 weeks. In addition, rupture of blood vessels can occur in the first week after birth in full-term babies. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the late toxicosis of the mother, errors in the management of labor and infection.
Classification of cerebral hemorrhage by location
The World Health Organization (WHO) today distinguishes 5 types of hemorrhages in the brain:
- Intracerebral, or intracerebral hemorrhage, when the burst vessels are located in the deeper layers of white or gray matter, and the blood is poured into the thickness of the brain.
- Subarachnoid, in which the ruptured vessels are affected by aneurysm or amyloidosis, the blood enters the cavity, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
- Ventricular or ventricular hemorrhage affecting the lateral ventricle of the brain.
- Epidural, in which poured blood enters the space between the skull and the brain.
- Subdural, in which blood flows under the hard shell of the brain.
Помочь специалистам узнать, какой участок органа underwent changes in the phenomenon of hemorrhage in the brain, the symptoms of each of the types of which have their own characteristics, can tomography and other diagnostic methods.
What external signs can speak about brain hemorrhage
All types of hemorrhages are characterized by the following signs and symptoms that appear in the first minutes after rupture of the vessels:
- intense headache;
- loss or confusion;
- nausea and vomiting;
- convulsive contractions of some muscles.
One or more of the symptoms that occurredlisted in this list, should alert the patient and his relatives, especially in the case when a person has a disease from the list of those that can provoke brain hemorrhage. Symptoms, as a rule, tend to increase, so it makes no sense to wait for the patient to relieve, and it is better to immediately call an ambulance.
Symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage in children
The main symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage areNewborns do not differ from those present in adult patients. However, there are a number of signs by which it can be understood that the child had a rupture of blood vessels in the brain. Often this is manifested in the inability of the child to perform sucking movements, redness of the sclera of the eyes due to the blood in them, as well as in the oppression of the tendon reflex. In the absence of obvious signs of bleeding in the brain, pathology may manifest itself in a later period in the form of an unusually strong growth of the skull in a child.
Symptoms of hemorrhage in the brain, depending on the place of their localization
Localization of hematoma in the brain alsoaffects the symptoms. So, when hemorrhaging into deep sections of a patient, symptoms such as impaired or stopped breathing, sustained rotation of the eyeballs in one direction, lack of reaction of the pupils to light, decrease in body temperature, abnormal heart rhythm, paralysis of the limb muscles of one half of the body can be observed. Quite often, an emerging condition typical of such a phenomenon as a brain hemorrhage is coma, in which the patient has no reaction to pain stimuli.
При попадании крови в серое и/или белое вещество cerebral condition of the patient may be expressed as a lack of orientation in space and inability to coordinate their movements, muscle weakness, excessive excitation or lethargy, reflex disorders. Hemorrhage in the cerebellum, as a rule, causes severe occipital pain, loss of consciousness, deviation of the head from the normal position backwards or to the side, inability to coordinate movements.
In addition to the above symptoms in a patient withhemorrhages in the brain may manifest signs such as facial deformity due to paralysis of the facial muscles, inability to smile, lack of coherent speech. If these signs appear, it is important to provide first aid to a person as soon as possible and to deliver him to the hospital for an MRI of the brain, with which you can determine the degree of vascular lesion, as well as determine the appropriate treatment.
What are dangerous hemorrhages in the brain
The danger borne by the brainhemorrhages are that due to ruptures of blood vessels nutrients and oxygen cease to flow to the tissues of the organ. In addition, the brain is exposed to accumulated blood, which squeezes its parts. In most cases, this is the cause of irreversible consequences that turn life after a stroke into a patient’s struggle with itself, since many of the body’s functions, including mental, neurological, and others, are disturbed. And the longer a patient is without appropriate treatment, the less chances he has to recover as much as possible.
Treatment of cerebral hemorrhage
Today there are only two wayscure cerebral hemorrhage. The treatment, or rather, its method (surgical or therapeutic), is selected on the basis of where the hematoma is located in the organ, as well as its size. Indications for surgery are:
- large (more than 50 ml) volume of blood trapped in brain tissue;
- hemorrhage localized inside the brain or in the lateral ventricle;
- severe condition of the patient.
The expediency of the operation is determined only by the attending physician!
To date, there are several types of surgeries that can remove a blood clot from the brain:
- Craniotomy, performed under the generalanesthesia. It is used for extensive intracerebral hemorrhage. A prerequisite for this type of surgical intervention is the absence of serious diseases of the internal organs of the patient.
- Minimally invasive surgery, the essence of which isthat during its holding in the patient's skull at the site of a clot, only one hole is placed, through which a special solution is inserted with the help of a catheter to help dissolve the blood clot. Removing its fragments is also carried out through this hole. The duration of the procedure is about 2 days, during which new portions of the solution must be injected every 6 hours.
- Stereotactic removal of a hematoma is carried out using a special device with which the solution for dissolving thickened blood is delivered directly to the lesion.
Consequences and prognosis
Hemorrhage does not work bestbrain. Photos of people who have had this disease can cause tears. But far worse is that only about 50% of patients can survive the rupture of the vessels. The consequences of a brain hemorrhage depend on how large the hematoma was and how quickly the patient was assisted. Life after a stroke is rarely the same as before. A large number of patients have impaired speech and vision, there is no sensitivity of the arms or legs. One of the most serious complications of cerebral haemorrhage is epilepsy.
