It’s hard to overestimate the importance of the topicWhat are such a terrible disease, as an extensive stroke, the consequences. The chances of surviving such a diagnosis cannot be called high. But even if it is possible to avoid a lethal outcome, such a brain damage will definitely affect the life of the patient. Therefore, it is worth knowing what this pathology is and what its symptoms are.
What is meant by an extensive stroke
This problem can be defined as sufficientserious because it affects the brain. This disease is common and is becoming increasingly common in middle-aged people, while previously such diagnoses were mainly recorded among citizens who had long celebrated their 50th birthday.
It is worth noting that only in the presence of highqualifying a doctor and accessing the right medication makes sense to talk about effective treatment of such diseases as extensive brain stroke. The consequences of the disease to be more than serious, and if you do not provide timely assistance, it is possible and fatal. Therefore, it is not necessary to hesitate in the event of signs of bleeding in the brain.
Ischemic stroke
In fact, such a diagnosis can have two main directions. This is a ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (the most serious degree of injury).
Initially, it is worth touching the light form, whichis a consequence of the narrowing of the vessels of the brain. During this process, brain cells die off due to lack of oxygen, which should flow along with the blood. This disease develops rapidly and has an extensive nature (there is a lesion of an artery or a whole group of vessels).
Moreover, the ischemic stroke itself can have several varieties:
- Lacunar. It leads to the formation of lacunae (cavities) in the brain.
- Micro occlusal. In this case, there is a violation of the mechanism that ensures optimal blood flow (hemostasis).
- Cardioembolic. Artery clogged, but partially.
- Hemodynamic.Such a stroke can be caused by a sudden jump in blood pressure. When blood pressure decreases significantly, vasoconstriction occurs, which, in turn, causes a dramatic outflow of blood.
- Stem.Such a diagnosis is used to determine the lesion of the brain stem. This is a very dangerous form of extensive stroke, since in this case the vital centers are affected. Such a state in the overwhelming majority of cases ends in instant death.
- Atherothromic. In this case, the cause of the blood supply is due to a blood clot that has come off the vessel wall, or due to atherosclerosis.
As you can see, an extensive brain stroke has a far from comforting prognosis, since the extent of the lesion is too high.
Hemorrhagic form
For this type of stroke is characterized by such a dangerous feature, as a hemorrhage in the brain. In this case, there are two options for the development of events:
- Intra-cerebral stroke, which was caused by a sudden jump in pressure. It is diagnosed mainly in the elderly.
- Subarachnoid extensive stroke of the headbrain with hemorrhage. In this case we are talking about rupture of the artery. Such an outcome is most often recorded in those who are overweight or practices bad habits.
Causes
As mentioned above, the essence of an extensive stroke.comes down to the fact that an occlusion or rupture of a group of cerebral vessels or one large artery occurs. From this it follows that any factors that have a negative effect on the vessels and the state of the blood flow in particular can be considered as causes of hemorrhage.
Если говорить более конкретно, то стоит обратить attention to the threat of atherosclerotic plaque and blood clots that may form on it. It is she who often provokes an extensive stroke of the brain. The causes of these plaques is a separate topic, but those who are loyal to being overweight often fall into the risk group.
Often, the blood supply to the brain can be caused by the development of other diseases in the body. Thus, people with the following diagnoses are at risk:
- hypertension, especially in a neglected state;
- pathology of the heart, since it creates conditions for emboli and blood clots (congenital and acquired defects, atrial fibrillation, heart valves, which were prosthetic);
- Asymptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid arteries;
- obesity as a consequence of low-active lifestyle;
- diabetes mellitus (blood flow deteriorates, blood clots form);
- cerebral atherosclerosis and high cholesterol in the blood;
- transient ischemic attack in history.
Symptomatology
In order to promptly respond to a stroke, it is necessary to know its key symptoms. This will help to correctly determine the patient's condition and promptly call an ambulance.
Тему симптомов важно изучить до того, как deal with what causes a massive stroke consequences. The chances of survival in the case of a particular patient directly depend on whether medical care is provided in a timely manner.
It is important to note the fact that there areaccompanying signs that indicate the occurrence of an extensive stroke. They can occur before the hemorrhage happens. Sometimes these symptoms make themselves felt a few weeks before the problem escalates. These include the following manifestations:
- headache;
- dizziness;
- short-term memory loss;
- darkening of the eyes during sudden movements;
- temporary loss of orientation in space.
A problem such as an extensive cerebral stroke, symptoms may be of a slightly different kind if significant amounts of the substance were affected. They look like this:
- drowsiness;
- Strong headache;
- temperature increase;
- loss of consciousness (even coma is possible);
- speech becomes incoherent;
- there is a loss of memory;
sweating;
- convulsions;
- a feeling of dryness in the mouth;
- a feeling of a strong heat that suddenly arises;
- pain in the eye area;
- the patient ceases to understand what is happening to him and where he is, although he remains conscious (state of stupor).
How to quickly recognize a stroke
In addition to the above symptoms, there are several ways to help diagnose the condition of a person whose brain is affected due to a rupture or blockage of blood vessels.
To do this, you must perform simple steps:
- Try to talk to the man. If the speech fails and the patient can not quickly answer simple questions, it is necessary to dial the emergency number.
- It is necessary to ask to smile at suspicion onextensive brain stroke. Consequences of hemorrhage or lack of oxygen can manifest themselves through impaired facial expressions - one of the corners of the mouth during an attempt to smile will drop down.
“Another method to quickly diagnose a condition is to try to raise two hands up. If the blood supply in the head was broken, then the synchronization of movements will not be - one hand will be lower than the other.
In general, it is better to react radically once again than to allow an extensive stroke. The consequences (the photo above clearly shows the picture of the affected brain) may be too serious.
What can be expected after a stroke
First of all, it is worth noting that the fullrecovery is unlikely to be possible with such a severe diagnosis. This is due to the fact that after such a stroke, there is a violation of various vital functions. Considering such topics as an extensive stroke, the consequences, the chances of survival and the possibilities of rehabilitation, you should pay attention to the following difficulties that are the result of brain damage:
- Impaired speech. It is extremely difficult for those who have experienced such a serious condition to compose even the simplest sentences.
- Amnesia. In this case, we are talking about the inability to remember the various details associated with life, moreover, the perception of information is much more complicated.
- Impaired concentration, motility and coordination of speech.
- Paralysis of half of the face, limbs, and in some cases complete loss of motor functions.
Если своевременно оказать квалифицированную medical care, then in about a third of cases, these consequences of an extensive stroke can be returned to the level where the patient will be able to live fully.
Coma as a result of stroke
This is one of the most difficult outcomes that canbe with brain damage. Immediately, the coma itself occurs due to rupture of a large cerebral vessel, as well as after massive subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage. With this condition, the patient loses consciousness and does not recover.
The longer the duration of the coma and the strongerdevelopment, the more massive was the damage to the neurons. In this case, an extensive brain stroke after a coma can have very significant consequences, since during the unconscious state extremely destructive irreversible changes occur in the brain.
What happens during a coma
In this condition, the patient is unable to respondon various stimuli. In this case, the patient's reflexes do not manifest themselves: the pupils do not react to light and are narrowed, and the pain also does not cause any reactions.
In some cases, arbitrarydefecation and urination. The only reflexes that persist during a coma is swallowing and breathing. If a coma results from a hemorrhagic stroke, in most cases death occurs within 1-2 days due to brain edema.
In general, the degree of risk of death increases with the following factors:
- the process of dying off of brain cells is fixed;
- the age of the patient exceeds 70 years;
- spasms of the limbs are fixed for more than 2-3 days;
- there is no reaction to the circulation, pain reactions and sound;
- the coma came already at the second stroke.
In order to make a more accurate prognosis, physicians, as a rule, use computed and magnetic resonance imaging. Blood tests can also significantly help in the process of diagnosis.
Extensive brain stroke: treatment
The first thing you can do in a hospital settingafter the patient has been delivered, it is to lower blood pressure, connect the patient to the artificial respiration apparatus and increase the degree of blood flow. Moreover, it is important that such assistance be provided in the first three hours after the stroke occurred.
Чтобы процесс восстановления проходил максимально effectively, it is necessary to place the patient in a rehabilitation center. The recovery course itself can last from one month to two years. These are the effects of extensive brain stroke. Reviews of many relatives of patients affected by this disease confirm the fact that it is worth tune in for a long period of rehabilitation and care for the patient. This is the only way to achieve its return to a normal lifestyle.
Emergency Measures
Emergency treatment can be directed tocorrection of heart rate and respiration, neutralization of cerebral edema, normalization of blood pressure, relief of seizures, overcoming a violation of homeostasis, fever, vomiting, and other symptoms that are pathological. At the same time, the recovery process itself must be differentiated.
If you have to deal with ischemicstroke, thrombolytic therapy is often performed, and blood-thinning medications are used. In some cases, if it is not possible to stop active bleeding in the area of the brain, a neurosurgical operation is performed.
Rehabilitation is also possible at home, but all actions must be coordinated with the doctor. As for the procedures that must be performed in this period, here is a list of them:
- reflexology;
- magnetic therapy;
- electrostimulation;
- massage.
Prevention
It is important not to forget about actions that haveprophylactic effect, since repeated brain damage may no longer leave a chance for recovery. In order to prevent such a development of events, you should follow the proven principles:
- constant exercise;
- The minimum amount of stressful situations;
- complete rejection of bad habits;
- regular use of drugs against high blood pressure, which the doctor prescribed;
- The right diet without harmful fatty foods;
- control of excess weight.
Conclusion
As you can see, if there is such a problem,like an extensive stroke, the consequences, chances of survival and forecasts in general cannot be unambiguous. A lot depends on how quickly qualified medical care will be provided, as well as on many other factors (state of health as such, age, etc.).
