In the world no one doubts thatOncological diseases are the most severe and difficult to cure. Among them, brain cancer is almost a "death sentence" for the patient. So what is this disease?
Cancer of the brain is called malignanta neoplasm in the human skull that occurs during the abnormal division of the brain cells. Such division can be subject to almost any cell group (neurons, astrocytes, glial cells, lymphocytes, blood vessels, glands and meninges). Often, brain cancer occurs due to metastasis from other organs (hematogenous or lymphogenous pathway). The type of tumor is determined by the prevalence of certain cells in it. Symptoms of the disease manifest themselves depending on the location of the malignant neoplasm and affected tissues.
Brain cancer does not develop from scratch.For the emergence of this disease, certain prerequisites (exposure to chemicals, radiation, harmful substances, the consequences of injuries, viral infections, smoking) are necessary, although human heredity plays a significant role in this. Although the causes of cancer are not reliably established until now, most often it arises from the abnormal growth of glial cells.
В зависимости от места локализации neoplasms and their composition brain tumors are divided according to two classifications. According to the location of the tumor, they are divided into those that are in the brain itself and those that are outside of it. The latter may also be metastases. According to the cell content, the neoplasms are divided into: shell (their integumentary tissues of the brain membranes arise); pituitary (appear in the pituitary gland); neuroma (occur in the cranial nerves); diembriogenetic; neuroepithelial (formed from the brain). Neuroepithelial tumors account for 60% of cases of this disease.
The first symptoms of brain cancer appear at the momentwhen a malignant tumor grows in size. In the process of its growth, the brain tissue is compressed and destroyed. Such symptoms are called focal or primary. The faster the neoplasm grows and the disease progresses, the more pronounced the general symptoms, which include circulatory disorders and increased intracranial pressure.
Brain cancer, the causes of which canestablish only after a series of thorough examinations and study of the history of the disease, has certain focal symptoms. The most frequent of them are: sensitivity disorders (pain, tactile and thermal sensations); problems with the vestibular apparatus; epileptic manifestations; movement disorders; hearing and vision impairment; speech dysfunction; hormonal disorders; vegetative disturbances (jumps of pulse, pressure, dizziness); dementia; coordination disorders; hallucinations; psychomotor disturbances (forgetfulness, confusion, irritability).
With an increase in intracranial pressure and squeezing of brain tissue, cerebral symptoms occur: constant and severe headache; vomiting and constant nausea; frequent dizziness.
Brain cancer is diagnosed in 3 stages.At stage 1, a neoplasm is detected by focal and cerebral symptoms. At stage 2, produce a differential diagnosis and a preliminary diagnosis. At this time, conduct computed or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After the tumor is detected, the third stage is when the diagnosis is confirmed. At this time, the patient is hospitalized, a tumor biopsy is performed, a treatment regimen (radiation, surgery, chemotherapy) is prescribed. At the initial stages, the treatment of brain cancer is based on common principles of treatment of such diseases. Surgical intervention is based on excision of the tumor but, as a rule, it is almost impossible to accomplish this.
Spinal cord cancer, the symptoms of which are sometimesI recall the symptoms of brain tumors (loss of sensation, incoordination, paralysis, movement disorder) accompanied by severe back pain.
