One of the main causes of death in Russia -it's a brain stroke. The consequences of such a disease are extremely unfavorable, even fatal. Causes - vascular damage due to abnormal lifestyle and stress. If you are among smokers and are overweight, it is worth considering and taking measures not to fall into the number of those who survived a stroke.
Stroke is what? And the consequences for the victims are really so dismal? We will explain in detail the answers to these and many other questions.
Stroke
Although people of all ages are susceptible to the disease, the most common occurrence is an attack in those over 60 years of age. The risk increases if a person smokes or eats a lot of junk food - fast food.
If injured within 4 hours aftera seizure incident receives qualified help directly in the hospital, then chances for success in treatment are high. This is a period of therapeutic "window" when timely measures save lives and prevent even more severe damage to the synapses of the brain. Then the patient, if he was young and healthy before that, after a while can fully return to a full-fledged active life and even work activity.
But many, unfortunately, do not understand howsevere stroke, and do not go to the ambulance soon after the attack. Therefore, the majority of survivors (almost 75%) remain wheelchair-bound to the last.
Types of stroke. Effects
Stroke distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic andsubarachnoid hemorrhage. All of them are very dangerous and subsequently lead to a clear deterioration in health. A person becomes weaker, works, if he can, then not for long and not at full strength. Hemorrhagic more serious and often leads to disability of the victim. Death occurs in 33% of cases. Ischemic stroke (AI) accounts for almost 75% of cases. Mortality from it - about 15%.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs, inmainly after traumatic brain injuries or in a disease such as a vascular aneurysm. Then the blood from the blood vessels is poured into the space between the soft shells of the brain and the arachnoid (arachnoid) membrane. Mortality in such a stroke is the highest - 50% of victims.
Ischemic stroke. The reasons
The cause of AI is a blockage of brain vessels.In most cases, the blockage of the main arteries is due to improper diet and lack of exercise. Cholesterol plaques build up on the arteries gradually, and the less space remains, the worse the blood flows to the brain.
Accordingly, the body works worse and gets tired quickly. The immediate cause, besides atherosclerosis, is sometimes diabetes or heart problems.
When complete blockage occurs, oxygencompletely ceases to flow to the brain tissue. And brain cells - neurons, by the way, are very sensitive to the lack of oxygen, and immediately begin to die. After a time, the thrombus is absorbed, but these few minutes of lack of food in the tissues are enough to start irreversible changes in the brain structure. If the thrombus is serious and cannot be resolved in a natural way, the artery does not stand up and bursts.
With ischemic stroke, the consequences are as follows:coma, paralysis of one part of the body or both, immobility of the head, vision problems and aphasia - the inability to speak. Aphasia occurs when the temporal lobes of the brain are affected. If the back of the head suffers, blindness occurs. Very rarely, in humans, the cerebellum is affected, which is responsible for the coordination of movements and walking.
Hemorrhagic stroke
Another type of stroke is hemorrhagic.In this stroke, hematomas occur, which must be removed as soon as possible by surgery. The risk of death from this strike is higher than from ischemic, and the consequences are even worse. Often it is a direct consequence of ischemic stroke, when the walls of blood vessels do not withstand the pressure of blood.
Such hemorrhage is characterized by the fact that the vessels burst sharply and the blood falls directly into the tissue.
There are several types of cerebral hemorrhage:
- subarachnoid;
- subdural;
- intracerebral;
- intraventricular.
Vascular ruptures often occur in sufferers.vascular aneurysm, hypertension, or those who smoke too often. Excessive physical or psychological stress also affects and can even cause a stroke in young people aged 20-30.
Stroke of the left brain. Effects
So, the vessels could not stand it, and as a result the cells of the left side of the brain were damaged. What does it threaten with? What will a person feel?
- Problems with understanding of speech are possible, or it becomes difficult to pronounce words.
- Difficulties with the score, a person can lose the ability to logical constructions.
- Paralysis of the right side of the body.
- Changes in the psyche are increasing - excessive caution, depression.
Paralysis is most often irreversible.You can maintain the body, do exercises, work with a psychologist. But after a stroke, especially a severe one, there is practically no chance of a full recovery.
Right hemisphere and brainstem
When a brain stroke occurred in the right lobe, the consequences are as follows:
- paralysis (full or partial) of the left side;
- blind spots appear in the eyes on the left;
- impulsiveness and emotional instability as manifestations of mental disorders;
- problems with orientation in space.
Here the consequences also depend on whichPart of the hemisphere was occluded (or hemorrhage) - in the frontal, parietal temporal or occipital. If the brain stem itself is affected, where the deep zones responsible for breathing, pressure, swallowing food and heartbeat are located.
These zones are most protected. Yet severe hemorrhagic stroke (its consequences are unpredictable) can affect deep areas too. It threatens to be instantly fatal.
Extensive stroke
With extensive AI, there are many affected areas.At the same time, several brain zones or one, but a large and important area are left without oxygen. The affected neurons die in a few minutes, and the remaining neurons do not have time to replace them. That is why it is so dangerous damage to the blood vessels of the brain.
How does an extensive stroke manifest?Consequences, chances for recovery - these questions torment relatives. In fact, the consequences are very hard to predict. The most fatal is a hemorrhagic major stroke. The number of deaths - more than 80%. Accordingly, the chances of survival statistics gives small - only 20%.
The prognosis worsens if the patient has a history ofthere was already a microstroke or hypertensive crises; there is diabetes. The situation is worse if the patient does not like sports and has a negative attitude. Conversely, a lively lifestyle and a positive mood contribute to faster recovery.
Risk group
The most at risk are hypertensive andpeople suffering from arrhythmia after 55 years. And also those who have a senior family member who had a stroke or died due to this disease should take care of themselves additionally. The disease itself is not inherited, but there may be a predisposition to hemorrhage in relatives.
All smokers and alcohol abusers alsoare at risk. If a person has diabetes or hypertension, you need to constantly monitor the pressure and move gradually to a healthy diet.
In 12% of cases after the first stroke canfollowed by a second attack, more severe. Therefore, it is better for those at risk to check their vessels in advance and find out exactly what condition they are in order to take security measures in time.
Blood vessels of the brain in the elderly
Ischemic stroke often occurs in older people. Approximately 35% of people die in the acute period, and another 10–12% die within one year.
What are the chances of recovery? What are the consequences?Of course, unfavorable. For those who have suffered from circulatory disorders of the brain at a young age, the chances are very good. In addition, the modern level of medicine allows you to quickly operate on a person and eliminate a blood clot so that the blood circulates again.
The consequences of a stroke in the elderly are the most deplorable - it is complete paralysis, failure of the heart and death.
However, those old people who throughoutlives have never smoked and fed more or less correctly; stroke is much easier. After properly organized rehabilitation, they learn to walk again and soon return to normal life.
Treatment during the therapeutic "window"
How to help the victim if the ambulance is not yetcome here? The main thing, if the person fell, - immediately put it on its side. In case of vomiting, he will not suffocate in this position. Lay the victim in such a way that the neck and head are strictly at the same level. Open all windows in the building. The patient is disturbed by oxygenation, and he needs more fresh air. Oxygenation is the saturation of the whole organism with the necessary oxygen.
If a person is conscious and asks to drink, do not give water, as swallowing is sometimes disturbed in some patients.
The choice of treatment affects agethe victim, the presence of concomitant serious diseases and the amount of damage in the brain If no more than 4 hours have passed after AI, then an intravenous alteplase is administered. In the first 48 hours, acetylsalicylic acid is sometimes prescribed as an antiplatelet agent.
After a hemorrhagic stroke, the consequences are very life-threatening, so within a few hours you need to open the skull and remove hematomas.
Mechanical thrombectomy is used as a surgical treatment for blood clots. It makes sense to perform the operation if no more than 8 hours have passed after the artery has been blocked.
Sometimes perform hemicraniectomy. This treatment gives good results and a high percentage of survivors after surgery for 80 days.
Stroke. Effects. Recovery of injured
After a stroke patient is discharged fromhospitals, he was given a rehabilitation course in a special center. A brain stroke, the consequences of which can be mild, is still a very dangerous disease. If you do not follow, as expected, for the patient after a stroke, the second and even the third blow can "finish off" the patient. Therefore, the patient needs to do a certain charge, work with a speech therapist, if there is aphasia.
А также нужно следить, чтобы не образовались bedsores, and prevent muscle contractures when a person is completely immobilized. But if, after a comparatively weak ischemic stroke, the consequences did not affect motor activity very much, then there are chances for a quick recovery.
Several methods have been developed to restore normal mobility:
- Reflexology - is prescribed for spastic hemiparesis.
- Exarta technology. It is connected sensory-motor training and neuromuscular activation.
- PNF method. Classes help to distribute the load on the muscles, to relieve spastic pain. The method improves the posture and coordination of movements of the victim.
- Kinesthetic - help patients in the resumption of lost movement opportunities. Re-learning simple skills of the movement of hands, elbows, feet.
Kinesitherapy is the main methodrehabilitation of ischemic stroke. The effects of the exercise are quickly minimized. With its help, a person will eventually be able to provide himself in an apartment, prepare and clean up after himself.
Common recovery methodmobility abroad is ergotherapy. This method is similar to occupational therapy, but the effectiveness is greater. In Russia, only in some expensive rehabilitation centers such classes are held.
Exercise therapy and nutrition in the post-rehabilitation period
Without physician-regulated exercisethe patient's condition will worsen. It is necessary that the muscles work at least a little, the blood circulation in the tissues does not deteriorate. Relatives of the patient need to quickly determine the center, where during this period will take care of their close. It is best to contact those centers where there is a specialized technique for restoring walking, and skilled neuropsychologists work.
Now let's talk about the main stage of treatment.effects of stroke. During the year, while the main recovery period lasts, you need to exert maximum efforts for your recovery. Memory and speech need to be trained daily with a neuropsychologist. Hand work with rubber rings is useful. Exercises to flex and extend the knees and elbows are done with the help of assistants. Mandatory exercises for the eyes. Every day you need to train the movement of the eyeballs. When the eye vessels are affected, you may need surgery first.
Physiotherapy is indispensable during this period.The patient can be given a gentle massage, but not more than 10 - 20 minutes. Balneological procedures are as useful as massage. But with the patient must be support staff.
Great if you can go torecreation center near the sea or the forest, where it is available to breathe fresh air. It is important to eat fully, efficiently, but it is desirable to give up meat, at least for the duration of rehabilitation. Go completely to fish, poultry and seafood.
In the residual recovery period, whenIt has been a year after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, exercise to maintain muscle tone must continue. In addition, you should follow a strict diet and walk a lot on the street. Daily walks and exercises will not let you lose heart and get depressed.
Risk of stroke. Prevention
So, we see how dangerous a brain stroke is.The consequences of a strike sometimes negate the whole future of a person. Everyone at risk, and not only them, needs to think about proper nutrition and lifestyle in general. Overvoltage at work, bad habits, stress - these factors pretty exhaust the body. After 60 years, you need to quit smoking already, if this has not been done before.
It is important to be examined every year whenalready present in the past microstroke. More walking, socializing, healthy vegetable food and less stress, lack of sleep can be recommended to people who have a predisposition to hemorrhage. As we found out, the consequences after a stroke are extremely difficult. It would be correct to engage in prevention, rather than treatment, because rehabilitation after a stroke is extremely long, painful and expensive.
