The periosteum of the tooth resembles a thick filmwhich almost completely covers its root. With the development in this area of the inflammatory process speak of periostitis. In the people, this disease is called "flux". Severe pain, swelling and hyperthermia are just some of the symptoms that characterize it. If you do not go to a doctor in time or neglect the treatment, you can lose a tooth.
What is periostitis?
The periosteum of the tooth is a vasculartissue consisting of a variety of nerve fibers and cells. Together, they form a young bone. It is the main link to bind the tooth with muscle tissue and ligaments. Because of such close proximity and a large number of vessels, any infection spreads freely in the periosteal elements, provoking an inflammatory process. This developmental mechanism has periostitis.
The disease can occur at any age, butin children and the elderly, it is rarely diagnosed. The favorite place for the localization of the pathological process is considered to be the teeth of the lower jaw. They are more likely to suffer from various dental ailments. However, periostitis is most dangerous for the teeth of the upper jaw. In addition to bone tissue and gum mucosa, the sinuses themselves may suffer.
Main reasons
The reasons for the development of periostitis are greatlots of. The teeth in the mouth are constantly working. With improper care, they become a real target for various dental diseases.
Inflammation of the periosteum of the tooth most often occurs.due to an infectious process. Food debris constantly accumulates in its cavity or gum area. Over time, they begin to rot. From the top of the tooth pus forms a channel in the bone tissue, trying to break out. Breaking through all obstacles, he stops under the periosteum.
Among other causes of periostitis, dentists distinguish:
- traumatic damage to the tooth, its surrounding tissues;
- neglected carious process;
- gingival pocket inflammation;
- neglect of oral care rules;
- infection with blood flow.
Reduced immunity, stress and frequent hypothermia also contribute to the development of pathology.
Symptoms of inflammation of the periosteum
The inflammatory process begins immediately afterinfection or traumatic damage to the gums. Within a few hours, severe edema develops in this area. The gums grow in size, there is painful discomfort while eating.
Gradually, periostitis of the tooth spreads toadjacent soft tissue. As a result, the jaw, chin and lips slightly swell. Palpation may cause pain. In some people, asymmetry of facial contours becomes clearly visible. The whole process is necessarily accompanied by hyperthermia. If you do not see a doctor at this stage, an abscess may occur in the affected area.
What other symptoms does periostitis have?Externally, the affected area looks like a swollen mucous substance with a cloudy white patina. The tooth becomes excessively mobile. When the inflammatory process is accompanied by suppuration, the serous fluid is constantly trying to break out of the capsule. With a positive result, an independent cleaning of the cavity occurs. However, without adequate treatment, relapse cases are not excluded. Abscesses will appear again with some frequency.
Classification of periostitis
Any disease varies in formsappropriate clinical picture. Only a qualified specialist can determine the stage of the pathological process and its appearance. For this, it is not enough for him to conduct a physical examination. Additionally, you may need a snapshot of the affected area, the study of the patient's history.
Tooth periostitis is usually classified into 2 types:acute and chronic. In the first case, the disease is characterized by rapid formation of edema, multiple fistulas. By means of formed moves, a purulent secret outflow occurs. Chronic periostitis is slow; its symptoms appear several days or weeks after infection of the gums.
The acute form of the disease is divided into the following types:
- Serous periostitis. Accompanied by the formation of a small amount of serous exudate, infiltration of the periosteum.
- Purulent periostitis.It is characterized by the appearance of an abscess and the formation of fistulous passages through which pus is poured out. Otherwise, the serous discharge begins to accumulate, there is a strong swelling.
The chronic form of the disease also has several stages of development:
- Simple periostitis. It is characterized by the formation of new bone tissue on the surface of the jaw. This process is considered reversible.
- Ossificiruyuschy periostitis. Accompanied by ossification and hyperostosis. The disease progresses very quickly.
The chronic form of the disease also appliesfibrous periostitis of the tooth. According to the degree of damage, it is limited and diffuse. In the first case, there is a fibrous thickening of the periosteum in the area of one tooth, and in the second - on the entire jaw.
Diagnostic Methods
To make a correct diagnosis to the doctorIt is necessary not only to examine the patient's oral cavity, but also to conduct a comprehensive examination. The patient is prescribed a radiograph of the jaw to determine the boundaries of the center of inflammation. In the case of a purulent form of the disease, a complete blood count is required.
Others have a similar clinical picture.dental pathologies that need to be distinguished. Otherwise, the prescribed treatment will be ineffective, and the periostitis of the tooth will turn into a chronic stage.
Differential diagnosis is carried out with the following diseases:
- Acute periodontitis. Characterized by the development of the inflammatory process at the apex of the root. Reaching the stage of aggravation, purulent exudate breaks out, forming a fistulous passage.
- Abscesses, phlegmon, lymphadenitis. These pathologies are accompanied by the appearance of dense formations. The skin over them is slightly hyperemic.
- Inflammation of the salivary glands. The purulent secret is released from the salivary ducts. The teeth and gums remain intact.
- Acute osteomyelitis. In this disease, the temperature rises sharply, the patient feels chills all over his body. Perhaps the appearance of headaches.
Based on the results of a comprehensive diagnosis, the doctor prescribes therapy.
Drug treatment
Вне зависимости от формы болезни терапию всегда begin with the appointment of medicines. For example, antibiotics are recommended for purulent periostitis. The most effective are the following products: Lincomycin, Tsiprolet, Amoxicillin. For topical administration, various gels and ointments are used, also made on the basis of antibiotics (Levomekol, Metrogil-Dent). With a strong inflammatory process is better to drink pills or capsules. Treatment with fluids with antibiotics continues until the symptoms disappear.
Additionally prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs. This is usually "Nimesil" or "Diclofenac." These drugs not only relieve inflammation, but also relieve pain.
You need to understand that drug therapyis part of the whole course of treatment. Therefore, when the first symptoms of periostitis appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Uncontrolled and long-term medication can not only harm, but also aggravate the course of the disease.
Operative intervention
Flux treatment with antibiotics is justified onlythe initial stage of the development of the disease. If the patient ignored its first manifestations and did not consult a doctor, an abscess may occur. In this case, no surgical intervention can not do. The operation is carried out in order to create conditions for the full outflow of purulent secretions, to eliminate the source of infection. It consists of the following steps:
- First, the dentist examines the focus of inflammation, determines the course of treatment and selects the type of anesthesia. Usually used conductor or infiltration option.
- After treatment of the oral cavity, the doctor performs an incision of about 2 cm. The depth of periodontal excision is reached by the jaw bone tissue.
- The opened abscess is thoroughly cleaned, treated with a disinfecting solution.
- The next step is the preparation of the dental crown.
- Medicines are introduced into the cleaned canals, the tooth itself is filled.
In severe cases, tooth extraction is indicated.
Recovery after surgery
Periostitis of the tooth, the treatment of which is carried outtimely, almost not accompanied by complications. However, after surgery it is important to follow certain rules. With their help, the rehabilitation process will go faster, and the risk of negative consequences will be zero.
The recovery period includes mouthwash.antiseptic cavity solutions, the use of analgesics, good hygiene. Since the probability of a relapse still exists, it is necessary to inspect the cured teeth every day. Both the gums and the tissue near them may re-inflame.
Completely periostitis passes for 10 days.During this time, it is allowed to eat food at room temperature only. At the same time it is worth paying special attention to its consistency. It is recommended to grind the meat into minced meat, and make vegetables and fruits puree. After each meal, rinse your mouth with antiseptic agents. They can be bought at every pharmacy. 
How to remove flux at home?
Применение народных средств в борьбе с недугом permissible. However, you must first consult with your doctor and eliminate the cause of the abscess. Otherwise, such treatment will only weaken the symptoms, but will not lead to full recovery.
How to remove flux at home? Among the variety of folk remedies, the following are particularly effective:
- rinsing with a weak solution of soda;
- the use of infusions and decoctions based on anti-inflammatory medicinal plants (sage, chamomile, mint, calendula);
- applying ice to the affected area to reduce puffiness.
Важно понимать, что периостит — это inflammatory process, so warm the gums and teeth can not. The same principle should be followed when using compresses and rinsing. Water temperature in infusions should not exceed 25 degrees.
Preventive measures
To prevent inflammation of the periosteum of the tooth,all foci of infection must be treated promptly. This applies to minor caries and serious forms of periodontitis. Many chronic diseases are characterized by an asymptomatic course, and they can only be seen on a radiograph. For the purpose of prevention, dentists recommend periodically to undergo examinations and professional cleaning of the teeth.
