Currently the topic is very relevant."Rotavirus infection in children, symptoms." Komarovsky encourages parents to pay attention to this disease, because it is an acute infectious disease related to intestinal infections and characterized by lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Mostly rotavirus infection occurs between the ages of 6 months and 3 years and in some cases leads to death.
The first information about the disease
Что такое ротавирусная инфекция?Komarovsky, answering this question, says that this is an infectious disease that happened to all our mothers, fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers and will appear to our children and grandchildren. With the manifestations and consequences of rotavirus infection, humanity has been faced with ancient times. For the first time the causative agent causing the disease was discovered in 1973.
Identified a virus Australian researcher R.Bishop with the participation of colleagues. In 1979, experts from the World Health Organization gave the name of the pathogen - rotavirus. Creating a new term, experts took into account the appearance of the smallest non-cellular particles. Under the microscope, they look like round wheel-like elements. That is why the term "rotavirus" was formed from the Latin word rota. In translation, it means "wheel".
Features of rotaviruses
Pathogens from the family Reoviridae and genusRotavirus is a non-cellular particle, due to which rotavirus infection develops in the human body. Komarovsky notes that absolutely all children face this disease. An exception are not even those babies whom parents take very careful care of. No hygienic procedures, cleaning floors and cleaning toys save from rotaviruses.
Все дело в том, что возбудители являются resistant to environmental factors. They are not afraid of low temperatures and drying. Viruses also withstand the effects of chloroform, ether, ultrasound. The death of non-cellular particles quickly occurs when heated and almost instantly when boiling.
Speaking of rotaviruses, it is worth noting thatSpecialists identified 9 stereotypes of these non-cellular particles. Some of them are pathogenic for humans (1–4 and 8–9). Stereotypes 5, 6, and 7 are isolated from various animals. For humans, these non-cellular particles pose no danger.
Rotavirus infestation
Peak incidence of rotavirus infectionfalls in autumn and winter. Most often, the disease is diagnosed in the period from December to February. This is due to the resistance of the virus to cold. The source of pathogens is man. Non-cellular particles in a significant amount are excreted from the body of those people who have a rotavirus infection.
Komarovsky in one of his videos said that the mechanism of transmission of rotaviruses is fecal-oral. Transmission paths are:
- food (unwashed products);
- water (unboiled water);
- contact-household (infected household items, dirty toys).
The maximum incidence is in agefrom six months to 3 years. Rotavirus infection may occur much later, when the child begins to attend preschool. Kids often become infected after contact with sick children, because the disease is highly contagious. The crumbs of the first months of life very rarely have rotavirus infection. This is explained by the receipt of immunity from the mother along with breast milk.
Symptoms of the disease
After pathogens enter the child’s bodythe incubation period begins during which rotavirus infection does not manifest. Komarovsky in his program emphasizes that the duration of this stage can be from 1 to 4 days. After the incubation period, the first symptoms occur:
- increased body temperature;
- vomiting;
- loose stools.
Body temperature usually rises to 37.5–39degrees At this level, it lasts for 2-4 days. In connection with this condition, the child's appetite is lost. A symptom such as vomiting appears. It can happen 1 or 2 times. In rare cases, there is repeated vomiting for a couple of days. But the main symptom of rotavirus infection, as Dr. Komarovsky says, is loose stools. Most often it is watery, has no pathological impurities and is observed for 3–6 days.
Type of infection, its severity and course
The disease under consideration has a classification. It is based on the distribution of the type, severity and course of the disease. So, experts distinguish:
- typical rotavirus infection;
- atypical rotavirus infection;
- virus carriage.
The typical type of the disease, in itsqueue, is divided into light, moderate and severe forms. The leading syndrome is intestinal. The severity of rotavirus depends on its severity.
By atypical species include erased and asymptomatic forms. Clinical manifestations are mild or not observed at all. These are the easiest forms of infection.
Complications of the disease
Rotavirus scares many parentschildren, symptoms. Komarovsky says that in most cases the prognosis is favorable. The condition of some children worsens only due to the fact that their mothers and fathers are not aware of possible complications, they do not know what inaction can turn out to be.
Dangerous consequence of rotavirus infection -dehydration. With liquid stool, the body loses water. Its volume can be significant with frequent diarrhea (the frequency of bowel movements with a mild form of rotavirus infection is 2–5 times a day, with severe up to 20 times). Due to dehydration, the amount of excreted urine decreases, confusion occurs, blood pressure decreases, cyanosis is observed, the nervous system is affected, and convulsions occur. With the loss of 20-25% of water death occurs.
Komarovsky about rotavirus infection saysthat she is still fraught with pneumonia. This complication develops in a sick child, not because he has been infected by someone at home or in a preschool institution. Pneumonia with rotavirus infection is caused by a lack of fluid in the body. Due to lack of water, the functioning of the lungs is disturbed.
Treatment of rotavirus infection
In this disease, to treat the childpossible at home. The World Health Organization notes that the main treatment method should be the restoration of fluid and electrolyte loss. Prevent dehydration can be due to means of oral rehydration. They are sold in pharmacies in the form of powders.
If there is no such remedy, and the child has a rotavirus infection, Komarovsky recommends treatment with a specially prepared solution. The following ingredients are required:
- 1 liter of water;
- 2 tbsp. l. Sahara;
- 1 tsp. salts;
- 1 tsp. soda
Приготовленное средство ребенок должен пить в sufficient quantities (i.e. he must urinate 1 time in 3 hours). If the baby refuses liquid and cannot drink it in any way, then parents should immediately consult a doctor. The patient will be hospitalized. In the hospital, the doctor will prescribe parenteral administration of funds (into the vein) to prevent dehydration.
Antibiotic prescription
Доктор Комаровский отмечает, что при водянистом diarrhea only needs to replenish lost fluid. Antibiotics are not prescribed to a sick child, because these drugs are not capable of harming the viruses causing the disease. These drugs only inhibit the growth of prokaryotic cells and protozoa.
Antibiotics are needed only in a few cases:
- in the presence of blood in the diarrhea;
- cholera (acute intestinal infection caused by bacteria of the species Vibrio cholerae);
- when giardiasis is diagnosed according to test results (a disease that is caused by protozoa) in combination with diarrhea that lasts more than 2 weeks in a child.
Diet for rotavirus infection
Many moms and dads have heard that with the diseasenecessary adjustment of the diet. That is why parents often ask questions about what constitutes a rotavirus infection, a diet. Komarovsky emphasizes that with a disease in the intestine, the activity of certain enzymes decreases. One of them is lactase. It participates in the hydrolysis of the lactose disaccharide contained in milk.
When rotavirus infection from the small menubaby dairy products (even mother's milk), because the body can not digest them. The patient's condition will worsen. That is why experts prescribe low-lactose and lactose-free therapeutic nutritional mixtures. Dairy products should be introduced into the diet no earlier than 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease.
From the diet of older children, in addition to milk, the following products are excluded:
- sweets;
- fatty meats and fish;
- legumes;
- canned goods.
В первые дни заболевания будут полезны легкие broth, rice, semolina and buckwheat porridge, fresh unleavened curd, omelette. You can cook jelly, decoction of wild rose. Gradually, the diet should be expanded by adding lactic acid products, vegetables, fruits, juices, diluted with water.
Prevention of disease
In order to prevent a child can be maderotavirus vaccination. Komarovsky notes that 2 vaccines are used in the world. One of them is Rotarix. It contains only one rotavirus. The vaccine was obtained on the basis of the strain isolated from an infant with gastroenteritis. It is twice administered orally. The first vaccination is given at the age from 6 to 12 weeks. The second dose is administered after 4 weeks or a little later. Up to 6 months of age, the baby should already be vaccinated.
The second vaccine is RotaTeq.It contains 5 genetically modified rotaviruses, which were derived from bovine and parental human strains. This vaccine is also used orally. The number of recommended doses is 3 (the first is given to the child at 2 months, the second at 4 months, and the third at 6 months). Vaccination must begin at the age of no later than 12 weeks and must be completed by 32 weeks.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that a lotParents can learn cognitive information from a television program called Doctor Komarovsky’s School. Rotavirus infection is considered in one of the issues. It says that in the world every year about 500 thousand children die from this disease. This disease is not incurable. It’s just that some parents don’t understand how serious the disease is and it’s too late to take the necessary measures.
