Human lower limbs have extensivevenous network, providing outflow of venous blood into the inferior vena cava. There are three types of venous vessels in the legs: superficial, deep, and communicating veins connecting them. Normally, venous blood through the superficial vessels flows through the communicator into the deep veins, from which it enters the vena cava and further into the heart. Venous valves provide one-way flow of blood. If, due to any reason, the viability of the valves is impaired, blood stagnation in the vessels occurs and varicose dilatation occurs. With this disease, a person can live for years.
Thrombosis is a more dangerous disease.deep veins. It is the formation of blood clots in the lumen of the vessels of the legs or pelvis. These phenomena are accompanied by inflammation of the venous wall, severe pain and impaired blood flow. Deep vein thrombosis can be complicated by a life-threatening condition — an embolism of the pulmonary artery.
Causes of the disease
The occurrence of the disease contribute to traumaticwall damage, congestion of venous blood, overweight, pregnancy, sedentary lifestyle, inflammatory lesions of veins and bacterial infections, some medications (contraceptives), tumor diseases, age over forty years, blood clotting.
As a result of slowing blood flow occursblood clot formation, which is mainly composed of red blood cells and platelets. The resulting thrombus can be firmly attached to the venous wall at one end, the other end freely located in the lumen of the vessel. Blood clots can reach a large extent, partially or completely blocking the lumen of the vein.
Clinical manifestations of the disease
As mentioned above, blood stasis causesdeep vein thrombosis. Symptoms of the disease are expressed in the appearance of acute and arching pain in the affected limb, persistent edema, and a feeling of warmth. Inflammation of the venous wall is often accompanied by fever. A thrombosed limb is colder to the touch than a healthy one. Externally, the leg is swollen, hyperemic. The skin in the area of the affected area is ugly and shiny, with a well distinguishable venous network. Often, deep vein thrombosis is already initially manifested by embolism of the arteries of the lungs with blood clots, detached from the vessels. The patient experiences severe pain in the chest, he has a paroxysmal cough with blood, his blood pressure drops. Occlusion of large pulmonary vessels often leads to death. If there was a pelvic thrombosis, a bowel obstruction clinic may be observed.
Diagnostic measures
The diagnosis of "deep vein thrombosis" is set foron the basis of complaints, local manifestations and data of diagnostic examination. There are a number of symptoms that can be used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis of the lower leg. These are symptoms of Pratt, Homans, Payra and others.
From instrumental methods can be noted ultrasound, Doppler, angiography.
The disease is differentiated with lymphostasis, erysipelas, muscle strain.
Thrombosis Treatment
Uncomplicated forms of thrombosis of the leg, are treated inoutpatient conditions. The remaining cases require inpatient treatment. The patient is required to adhere to strict bed rest with an elevated position of the sore leg. Thermal procedures are contraindicated. Anticoagulants (Heparin, Fraxiparin, Kleksan, etc.) and disaggregants (Trental, Curantil) are prescribed for coagulation. Enter painkillers, possibly holding a blockade with novocaine.
In more severe forms of thrombosis, surgery is indicated (removal of a thrombus, installation of a venous filter in the vena cava, etc.).
