Safety Instructions are divided intoseveral species. Compliance with the requirements that relate to the peculiarities of training in labor protection, analysis of employees' knowledge, including the head, are mandatory for all organizations, not taking into account the organizational and legal form.
Classification
Safety training is important.stage of activity in any company, including general educational institutions. They are divided by purpose, nature, timing, official, as well as authorized to carry them out. All issues of safety at work are decided by an engineer or a specialist with a certain qualification.
Introductory option
Safety is instructed by a graduate or by someone whose authority includes such functions in full compliance with the order.
In large companies, employees who are responsible for medical and fire safety are attracted to instruction.
Safety training is carried out with those employees who are employed, regardless of length of service, age, or level of education.
It is compulsory for students and students who, for example, undergo practical training, as well as for seconded employees and temporary workers.
The program, according to which the introductoryinstructing workers, developed on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account individual aspects of the enterprise. It is approved by the employer or authorized persons in the prescribed manner.
Questions that should be reflected in the briefing
Instructing in occupational safety must include:
- General information about the company, the specifics of the production process.
- The norms of Russian legislation in this area.
- Local regulatory and legal documents.
- The internal regulations in the company, as well as the responsibility for violating them.
- Benefits and competencies that are provided to employees.
- Harmful production factors.
Introduction instructing workers on equipmentsecurity should display information about all means of collective and individual protection available in the enterprise, as well as the sequence of their issuance. What else should be in its content?
Introductory safety training in the workplace should include first aid for those injured during fires due to accidents.
A similar briefing is conducted with employees in the occupational safety cabinet. It involves the use of technical training tools and visual aids.
Its duration must comply with the program.
Primary Counseling Option
Its specificity is thatthe instruction is not carried out in the office of a labor protection specialist, but directly at the workplace. Safety training is regulated by Russian law. Identify those persons who are obliged to pass it:
- new employees, including homeworkers, part-timers, working under a fixed-term contract, as well as seasonal workers;
- persons who are transferred from one structural unit to another;
- employees who are seconded from third-party companies;
- students in industrial practice;
- other persons participating in the activities of the enterprise.
By order of the head, some categories of employees may be exempted from the procedure of the primary briefing. For example, among them may be a secretary, clerk, accountant.
Persons whose work is not related to the repair, operation, maintenance, installation of equipment, use of raw materials and their processing are exempt from instructing.
It is held in the workplace beforeemployee or group of persons of professional activity. An example of this kind of instruction is the preparation of children for conducting independent experiments in biology, chemistry, and geography. Without primary instruction it is forbidden to work with equipment in the class of service labor.
Reinstall
It is held at least once every six months.Its program is similar to the primary version, and the date is recorded in a safety instruction briefing. Such activities are of particular importance in the framework of preschool institutions, gymnasiums, lyceums. For example, before conducting practical work on electricity in the 8th grade, the teacher repeats the algorithm of schoolchildren's actions every night and asks them questions on the subject of instruction. This reduces the risk of accidents in the physics lessons, protects the teacher from unpleasant situations associated with violations of the recommendations made by the students.
Unscheduled briefing
Carry it out in certain situations:
- when changes in domestic legislation concerning labor protection come into force;
- in case of changes in the production process;
- in case of modernization of equipment, machinery;
- in case of violation of labor protection requirements resulting in an accident, accident;
- at the request of supervisory authorities and officials;
- in case of a break in work for more than thirty days for posts with harmful and dangerous factors, sixty days for other employees;
- by the sole decision of the employer.
Such a briefing is conducted only for those employees who are associated with the circumstances listed above. Mark about his holding is placed in a special journal.
Target briefing
It is carried out under the following circumstances:
- in the case of one-time work;
- in the implementation of mass events in the company;
- emergency response, emergency situations.
Its content and volume is determined by the specific circumstances.
Requirements for registration of the journal on TB
Any safety instruction in a school or enterprise should be displayed in a special magazine of the established sample. The number of graph, form, their content is determined by GOST 12.0.004-90.
For example, with the introductory briefing is indicatedthe date, year of birth of the instructed person, his full name, profession (position), as well as the name of the production unit, the position of the specialist who conducted it, then each puts his or her signature.
Labor protection in educational institutions
Depending on the specialization, there are specific requirements for conducting instruction for students.
For example, a chemistry teacher before each practical work conducts current safety instructions for students. Mark about his conduct, he puts in an electronic journal.
In addition, there are special types of briefings that class teachers conduct before going out with schoolchildren outside the educational institution.
There are certain requirements for staff of OU, who are employed at school (kindergarten).
On admission to work, as well as during work (every six months), instructions are given on labor protection, rules of conduct in the event of an accident, accidents.
Admission to the work of persons who have not been instructed, training, testing of knowledge on labor protection is prohibited.
Kindergarten and school employees must:
- comply with the internal rules, work in good faith;
- comply with the requirements of the requirements for OT, which are provided for by the relevant instructions;
- keep materials, tools, teaching aids, educate students about respect for the property of an educational institution;
- Undergo a medical examination once a year.
Protecting the health of schoolchildren during school hours, as well as during extracurricular activities, is the primary task of the teaching staff of the educational institution.
In order to prevent negative consequences, teachers pay special attention to preventive, preventive measures.
Conclusion
As the fundamental legislationabout labor protection, which governs the heads of state institutions, including schools, includes the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law on compulsory insurance of employees against unhappy situations in an enterprise, as well as against occupational diseases.
The law states that the employee has the right to refuse the work assigned to him in the event that a situation is created that is dangerous to his health and life.
If an accident does happen,the cause of which was the employee’s failure to comply with the requirements of labor protection regulations, in which case the amount of assistance is determined by the commission for investigating accidents.
Employees have the right to:
- rest in full compliance with the law on limiting the week and day, paid vacation;
- safe and healthy working conditions;
- material security in the form of social insurance for sickness, old age, disability, financial assistance for unemployment;
- resolving labor and collective conflicts.
