Poetess Margarita Aliger: biography, creativity

Margarita Aliger, whose biography causessincere interest among fans of her work - the famous Soviet poetess, who was awarded the Stalin Prize of the second degree for the poem "Zoya" about the fearless feat of the Soviet girl Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya.

Childhood

The native of Odessa, Margarita Aliger, whose biography we are considering, was born on October 7, 1915, in a Jewish family of small employees.

Mom was an ordinary housewife, father - capable,comprehensively erudite person, in order to feed his family, he tried to earn by any means: he gave lessons, served in various offices, was engaged in translations. Rita was his only and very beloved child. When the girl was 9 years old, her father was gone.

The Metropolitan Life

From early childhood, the girl was very fond of reading,preferring the works of Nekrasov and Pushkin, and made the first attempts to write poetic lines. The girl began to show her literary talent in her school years: for all holidays and significant events. After seven years of schooling, she continued her education in a chemical technical school, worked at the plant in parallel, and was preparing to link her life with chemistry. After two years, Margarita realized that the main thing in her life is poetry and literature. At 16, the girl left her studies and moved to Moscow, where her creative debut took place. Failing the exams at the institute, the girl took off the corner, got a job first as a librarian at the Institute of OGIZ, and later in the factory multiport. In 1933 she began to publish in the magazine Ogonek, being a constant listener of his literary courses: the first publications were poems "Rain" and "Weekdays".

Margarita Aliger: creativity

In 1934, Margarita became a studentLiterary Institute named after Gorky, where she studied until 1937. The active publication of poems and public appearances began in 1935: such collections as "The Year of Birth", "Stones and Grasses", "The Railroad" saw the light. From 1934 to 1939, Margarita traveled extensively, visited Leningrad, Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Ukraine. Such trips contributed to the birth of new poems, which were readily published by various publishers. To the translation activity, bread at that time and stretched out for many years, it attracted senior colleagues V. Lugovskoy and P. Antokolsky. Literary translations of Margarita enabled the Russian reader to get acquainted with the creativity of the authors of different countries and to feel the originality and individuality of each of them.

The first award

Margarita Aliger was one of four poets(K. Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), who wrote a poetic message to the heroic people of Spain during the Civil War in that country, which became the reason for Stalin's close attention and his sympathy for the poet's works.

Like most contemporaries, in the 30sAliger Margarita Iosifovna lived in the power of the existing myths about the Soviet Union as the creator of a renewed world, about the society of the Land of Soviets as the fairest and best, about Stalin as a wise and great leader. The poet joined the Komsomol, and from 1938 Margarita was a member of the Writers' Union of the USSR and a deputy of the district council of Krasnaya Presnya. In 1939, the poet was awarded the first government award - the Order of the Badge of Honor.

Family life Margarita Aliger

In 1937, Margarita Aliger, whose biographyis closely connected with poetry and literature, has created a family with a young composer Konstantin Makarov-Rakitin. At the initial stage of joint life, family happiness stumbled upon a material life: even two fellowships were not enough for life. After a painful and protracted illness at the age of one, the son of the couple died, the husband volunteered for the front and was killed in the first days of the war. In memory of her husband, whose death Margarita was very upset, she dedicated a poem "With a bullet in my heart I live in the light" and "Music". Constantine managed to write several songs and piano pieces on his wife's poems: bright and melodic.

From this marriage, Margarita leftdaughter Tatiana, later also linked her life with poetry. Died of blood cancer in 1974. The father of the second girl Masha was Alexander Fadeyev, who at that time was married to Angelina Stepanova, an actress of the Moscow Art Theater and committed suicide in 1956. The youngest daughter, according to witnesses, is a very beautiful girl, she created a family with the German poet Hans-Magnus Entsenser, moved to Germany. Family life did not work out, Maria settled in London, was engaged in writing books and articles, translation from English, which she knew perfectly. Unexpectedly, in 1991, she committed suicide.

Margarita Aliger: Wartime poems

From 1938 to 1940, Margarita Aliger wasthree books of poems have been published, new projects have been planned, but everything was changed by a war in which Margarita considered her hard, daily work in wartime conditions to be the maintenance of two children and life - the same as the life of many millions of Soviet women, soldiers' mothers , widows and orphans.

With the outbreak of the war, Aliger Margarita Iosifovnaworked in besieged Leningrad as a military correspondent in the newspaper "Stalin Falcon," and on instructions from editors she constantly visited various sectors of the front. Collections of her poems ("In Memory of the Brave", "Poems and Poems", "Lyrics"), Aliger dedicated to those who, while standing at the forefront and at the risk of dying every minute, defends their country; because only thanks to these brave hearts, she and millions of Soviet citizens can live, work and believe in the future. In 1942 she wrote a poem "Zoya", telling about the feat of Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya. To create this famous work, Margarita actively collected material, met with people who knew Zoya: with her mother, teachers, comrades, partisans from the girl's detachment, read her school notebooks, notebooks, essays, necessitating writing about the heroic deed of a Soviet girl. It was thanks to this work that the name of Margarita Aliger became widely known and became a symbol of patriotic propaganda. For the poem "Zoya" Margarita Aliger decree,signed by Stalin on March 21, 1943, was awarded the Stalin Prize of the second degree. Two weeks later, on April 3, Margarita's letter was published in the newspapers, in which the poet asked to transfer the received award in the amount of 50,000 rubles for the needs of the Red Army and the strengthening of its weapons capabilities. However, this generous act is not mentioned anywhere. The success of the poem "Zoe" inspired Margarita to create a dramatic work with the same theme. So the play-drama "Fairy Tale of Truth" was created, which had a huge success among theatrical spectators. After Stalin's death, Margarita was declared a "mediocre" poet by critics.

The last years of life of the poetess

In 1955, the poetess Margarita Aliger took part in the creation of Literary Moscow, the so-called thawing almanac, and was a member of the board of the Union of Writers of the RSFSR and the USSR.

In the 60-70's, the poet continued literaryher works were regularly published, Margarita visited many countries and wrote such cycles of poems as "Japanese notes", "Two meetings", "Sad Spain", "From the French notebook", "Italy of my soul", "Poems from afar" , "Return to Chile". In 1970 the first two-volume edition appeared, in which poems and poems by Margarita Aliger were published, in 1984 - a three-volume collection of works.

Margarita Aliger, whose biography causesgenuine interest in the modern generation, who wants to touch the military past, died on August 1, 1992 near his dacha as a result of an accident: fell into a deep ditch. The poetess was buried at the cemetery in Peredelkino near her daughters.