/ / "Poet died ..." Lermontov's poem "Death of the poet". To whom Lermontov dedicated the "Death of the poet"?

"Poet died ..." Lermontov's poem "The Death of a Poet." To whom Lermontov dedicated the "Death of the poet"?

Pushkin and Lermontov are two names that havethe right to be nearby for several reasons. First, they are equal in art. Moreover, history itself ordered that the death of one became a springboard to the all-Russian popularity of the other.

Two Geniuses

the poet died
When in 1837, after learning about the fateful duel,the deadly wound, and then the death of Pushkin, Lermontov wrote a mournful "Poet died ...", he himself was quite famous in literary circles. The creative biography of Mikhail Yurievich begins early, his romantic poems date back to 1828-1829. He grows rapidly as a lyrical rebel, a tragic, Byronic storehouse. Especially remarkable are his love poems - "Beggar", "At your feet ..." and many others, revealing to the reader a profound drama of Lermontov's experiences. And civil, revolutionary sense, poetry deserves a lot of attention. It was time for Michael Yuryevich's apprenticeship to be short. Venerable literary men respect him with respect and foretell a great future. And he considers Pushkin to be his idol, spiritual Teacher and Teacher Lermontov. Therefore, with such pain as the loss of his personal, he writes: "The poet died ..."

Legends and rumors

Personally they were not familiar - it was not possible.Although historians and biographers who gather information about great people by their grains, much still remains unknown. So in our case - who knows - maybe some unknown facts will be discovered someday, and it turns out that the poet died, that is, Pushkin, yet at least once having shaken Lermontov's hand or exchanged a friendly word with him. At least, they had many friends in common. Gogol and the family of Karamzin, Zhukovsky and Smirnov-Rosset, Odoyevsky. Even the younger brother of Alexander Sergeevich, the restless scoundrel Lyovushka, bowed with Lermontov in Pyatigorsk and witnessed the quarrel between Michel and the "Monkey" -a sworn "friend" and future murderer Martynov. There are indirect rumors that both geniuses did see each other - at a small secular party at Vsevolzhsky. However, Mikhail Yuryevich did not dare to approach his idol, he was embarrassed, and Pushkin was distracted all the time ... So the Poet died, without talking to his future successor about the main thing, about what constituted the meaning of life for both: Creativity. But it is for certain that Pushkin has repeatedly noted strength and depth, brilliant signs of high Lermontov talent.

History of creation

to whom Lermontov dedicated the
So, the beginning of February 1837 shookPetersburg, Moscow, and then all of Russia with two events, perhaps, of equal importance. The first is that "The sun of Russian poetry has set", that Pushkin died. And the second - the book "The Death of a Poet", spreading in the lists and memorized by heart, flashed across the northern capital with lightning. Lermontov's verse, which became a guilty verdict of secular rabble and announced that a new, uncrowned king had ascended to the poetic throne. Work on the work, apparently, Lermontov began, as soon as he heard rumors of a fateful duel and injury. The first edition is dated February 9 (January 28), when there was still a hope that Pushkin would survive. Although, foreseeing the tragic denouement, Mikhail Yurievich ends with the phrase "And on his lips seal ...".

"Death of the poet" (verse by Lermontov) is supplementedthe next 16 lines on February 10, when it becomes known that Pushkin is no more. It was then, as the journalist Panaev later noted, Lermontov's work began to correspond tens of thousands of times, memorized by heart.

"A poet in Russia is more than a poet!"

The popularity of the poem has reachedlevel, that it was reported to him by "the greatest people". The reaction of the emperor was immediate - the arrest of a house, and then the next reference to the "hot spots", the Caucasus. Lermontov was sick at that time, so he was not sent to the guardhouse. But his friend Rayevsky, who found the text during the search, did indeed get arrested and sent to Olonets province. Why so cruel disfavor? For a principled human and socio-political stance. After all, who dedicated Lermontov's "The Death of a Poet"? Not just an amazingly talented writer Alexander Pushkin, no! Russian art talents have always been generous, and the Russian land does not scant them to this day. For Lermontov, Pushkin's work is a challenge to spirituality and slavery, a breath of fresh, clean air, free, not polluted with servility, meanness and meanness. And Pushkin himself is called paradoxically exactly: "The poet died! - slave of honor fell ... "In Lermontov, these two words are synonymous. A true poet, from God, by nature does not have the opportunity to lie, to act nastily, contrary to conscience and high moral concepts. How friends of the deceased spoke about the work, "Lermontov's poems are beautiful; they could be written by someone who knew and loved our Pushkin himself. "

Historical meaning

poem
Lermontov's poem "Poet the Poet" is indomestic literature is a special place. In fact, this is the earliest and most powerful from the point of view of the work of art, a poetic generalization of Pushkin's assessment of his "marvelous genius", of national significance for Russia. At the same time, the very fact of his writing is an indicator of Lermontov's personal identity, his civil, moral and political position. As the critic Druzhinin wrote, Mikhail Lermontov not only mourned the poet first, but also dared to throw the "iron verse" in the face to those who gleefully rubbed their hands and mocked the tragedy that had been accomplished. "The King is dead - long live the King!" - that's how it would be possible to designate a public resonance about the great mystery of history connected with the death of Alexander Pushkin and the fact that "The poet died" (Lermontov's poem) put him among the first writers of Russia.

Genre of the poem

"Death of a poet" is simultaneously a solemn ode andrigid satire. The poem contains, on the one hand, rave reviews about the personality of the great Pushkin. On the other - an angry and impartial criticism of his ill-wishers, a secular society led by the emperor and the closest dignitaries, the chief of police Benckendorff, a host of critics and censors who did not want alive and sincere, freedom-loving and wise, humane and enlightening thoughts and ideals to penetrate in society. That they occupy the minds and souls of young people under the yoke of political reaction. Emperor Nicholas never forgot about the events of December 14, 1825, when the throne of Russian princes shook. It is not without reason that the poet's death was unequivocally assessed as an appeal to the revolution. The odic lines are written in a solemn, "high" style and contain the appropriate vocabulary. Satirical, too, are sustained in strict aesthetic canons. Thus, Lermontov achieved a remarkably harmonious unity in the genre variety.

Composition of the poem

"The Death of a Poet" - a poem with enoughcomplex and at the same time clear, carefully thought out and organized composition. By its content, several fragments are clearly distinguished. Each is logically finished, differs in its style, its inherent pathos and idea. but they are all one and are subject to the general meaning of the work. Analyzing the composition, you can identify the theme and idea of ​​the work.

Theme, idea, problems

The first part consists of 33 lines, energetic,angry, stressing that Pushkin's death was not a consequence of the natural course of events, but the deliberate and deliberate killing of a person who rose lonely against the opinion of "light." Death is retribution for the Poet's attempt to be himself, to remain true to his talent and honor code. Lermontov is laconic and precise. Behind a specific soulless killer with a "cold heart", a hunter of "happiness and rank", stands the very fate ("fate happened the sentence"). In this, Mikhail Yurievich sees the meaning of the tragedy: "arrogant descendants" of ill-famed meanness do not forgive accusatory speeches in their address. They honor the traditions of autocracy and serfdom, because they are the basis of the well-being of their past, present and future. And anyone who dares to encroach on them, must be destroyed! It does not matter, by the hand of French Dantes or someone else. After all, Lermontov himself died a few years later from the "Dantes Russian" - Martynov. The second part of the poem (23 lines) is equated with a lyrical digression. Mikhail Yuryevich does not restrain his spiritual pain, drawing a deeply personal and dear to him image of Pushkin. Poems are full of poetic figures: antitheses, rhetorical questions, exclamations, etc. The last part (16 lines) is again a satire, a formidable warning about the Supreme, Divine court, the court of Time and History, which will punish the criminals and justify the innocent. The lines are prophetic, for so it all happened ...