Only indefatigable passion for knowledge helped his sonpeasant become the founder of such areas of science as natural science, chemistry, astronomy, instrument making, geography, metallurgy, geology, philology. Lomonosov is one of the most striking examples of climbing the social scale from the bottom to the very top.
Childhood
Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich was born on November 8 (19)1711 in the village of Mishaninskaya Kurostrovskaya volost, Dvinsk district, Arkhangelsk province. Today the town is named after the great scientist - the village of Lomonosovo.
Father - a wealthy peasant Vasily Dorofeevich. Mother, Elena Ivanovna, left our world when the boy was only nine years old.
The family owned a fairly large plot of land.The main profit came from fishing. The Lomonosov family belonged to experienced sailors. From the age of ten, young Misha took part in campaigns. Along with fishing boy loved to read. The clerk of the local church taught him this cunning thing. It was then that the boy wrote his full name on paper - Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. The scientist’s biography states that his teacher’s job was to write letters, petitions, and conduct business correspondence.
When the boy was thirteen years old, his father marriedthe third time. With the stepmother relationship did not work out right away. And a year later, in the harsh winter, Lomonosov, whose brief biography is very difficult to describe, left the house quietly. He was lucky - the fish carriage went to the right direction, to which the future scientist joined. The boy went to conquer Moscow, where no one yet knew who Lomonosov was.
Hard choice
In tsarist Russia, higher education was possibleget only in three major cities. Of course, it was Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kiev. Of the options presented, Mikhail Lomonosov chose the first. His journey to knowledge took more than three weeks.
Start date
In January 1731, the boy successfully enteredthe school. The teachers have learned who Lomonosov is: first and foremost a diligent student, with his whole nature striving for science. He spent all his free time studying library books.
They even paid very little tuition.salary for which it was possible to buy only a little bread and kvass. Not once did Lomonosov grieve at the poverty that had befallen him, but he never seriously thought about giving up his studies and returning to his native village, where his father wanted to marry him to one of the local beauties.
The future scientist was clearly more developed than his peers. Therefore, in one year, he could jump two or three classes at once. Not bad mastered Latin and Greek.
St. Petersburg
In 1735, the twelve mostsuccessful students transferred to training at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Who is Lomonosov, could personally observe the stars of science. All major disciplines were represented in this school.
Life was more than modest. But the academy issued clothes, and there was simple furniture in the rooms.
Every morning began with a lesson of intensive study of the German language. In addition to philology and poetry writing, the scientist was engaged in mathematics, physics, chemistry, mineralogy.
A diligent student quickly became familiar, and very soon none of the teachers had any questions about who Lomonosov was.
German period of life
In 1736 a group of students, which included Mikhail Vasilyevich, was sent to Germany for training.
The main task was training in mining with the aim of further teaching in the institutes. No one was surprised that Lomonosov was in the group.
The next five years of a scientist’s life were spent inGermany and partly in Holland. The result of this period were deep knowledge in physics, chemistry, mining. Even life in debt and half starving did not disappoint Mikhail Vasilyevich in the correctness of the chosen direction.
Family life
В 1739 году, поссорившись с учителем, Ломоносов, the biography of which is presented in the article leaves training and tries to return back to Russia. He does not succeed. He marries the daughter of the mistress of the house in which he rented accommodation - Elizabeth Tsilh. In the same year, a young couple born a daughter. Unfortunately, the girl did not live long, died in 1743.
In December 1741, the boy Ivan was born. But not having lived two months, the child died. In February 1749, daughter Elena was born.
Return to Russia
В июне 1741 года Ломоносов вернулся в родную Academy of Sciences and together with Professor I. Amman began collecting minerals and fossils. He grows up as a poet. Translates articles from German magazines. Begins to conduct experiments as an inventor. Soon he gets the opportunity to independently teach and participate in meetings of the academic meeting. Soon the world saw the first dissertations in physics and chemistry.
In June 1745, Mikhail Vasilyevich received the titleProfessor of Chemistry, St. Petersburg Academy. On the personal request of the scientist, the arrangement of the chemical laboratory was started, which was completed two years later.
In 1748, a historical department was opened, in which Lomonosov took an active part.
In the same year, Mikhail Vasilyevich became a journalist. The activity began with the translation of foreign letters for the newspaper St. Petersburg Vedomosti.
Further activities
After rapprochement with the empress's favorite, Ivan Shuvalov, Lomonosov gets an opportunity to promote his ideas at the highest level.
Thus, under his influence, in 1755 Moscow University was opened with the study of an overseas sample.
Already in 1756, Lomonosov began an active struggle to train lower-class children in high schools and universities. In part, he succeeds.
In 1758 he became head of the geographical department. Produced tremendous work on creating an atlas of Russia.
In 1763 Catherine II produced a scientist in the state councilors.
In the same year he received the title of a member of the Academy of Arts for working with mosaics.
Memory
In 1765, Mikhail Vasilyevich seriously ill. Unfortunately, he could not be cured. The great scientist did not become 4 (15) April 1765. He was buried at Lazarevskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Lomonosov - a unique scientist who couldmanifest itself in almost all branches of science: physics, chemistry, literature, languages. In addition, the world saw many of his inventions. He is one of the few who was able to unravel the secret of the color of glass in red. His works with mosaics for a long time amazed the minds of contemporaries. The work was very long, hard and painstaking. Used a variety of optical devices of their own making. An ardent fighter against injustice. A scholar-practitioner who was distinguished not only by criticism, but also by a worthy proposal for replacing a hypothesis that did not satisfy him. Work on mining and metallurgy to this day may be of interest to specialists. On the whole, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was an outstanding personality.
His memory will be passed on from generation to generation for a long time.
