Otto Yul'evich Schmidt: biography, discoveries, photo

Otto Schmidt Yulievich - is an outstanding researcherNorth, Soviet astronomer and mathematician, statesman and public figure, Hero of the Soviet Union, has achieved world recognition in the scientific industry.

At the beginning of a difficult and interesting way

Who is Otto Yulievich Schmidt and what contribution did this man make to Soviet science?

The future conqueror of the northern lands was born 30September 1891 in Belarus (city of Mogilev). The desire for knowledge and great curiosity Otto showed since childhood. The constant moving of his family from place to place led to the frequent change of schools (Mogilev, Odessa, Kiev). In 1909, Schmidt Otto Yulievich, whose biography is a vivid example of dedication, graduated with a gold medal from a classical gymnasium in Kiev, then the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Metropolitan University. In his student years, Otto was awarded a prize for mathematical work. At the end of the school in 1913, a talented young man was left to prepare for a professorship. The monograph Abstract theory of groups, published in 1916, became a significant work in the field of mathematics.

Brilliant career Schmidt

Otto Yulievich's career - promising assistant professor -rapidly moving up. Possessing organizational skills and actively participating in social activities, the young man showed himself in many areas of life. He was involved in food supply and worked in the Ministry of Food of the Provisional Government, then as head of the department for product exchange, at the same time engaged in research into the regularities of the emission process.

С 20-х годов Шмидт Отто Юльевич преподавал mathematics in higher education, and since 1929 headed the department of algebra at Moscow University. He showed himself most effectively in the field of education: he organized vocational education for school-age youth, created technical schools, provided advanced training for workers in factories and plants, and reformed the university system. It was Otto Yulievich Schmidt (years of life - 1891-1956) who introduced the widespread word “graduate student”.

Work on the Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Otto Schmidt's short biography is interesting evenyoung generation, standing at the beginning of life and the way and, possibly, big changes. Under his leadership, a huge publishing house was formed, the purpose of which was not commerce, but cultural and political education.

The fruit of the great labors and efforts of Otto Yulievich -Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the creator and editor of which he was. In the preparation of a multi-volume publication, the efforts of many cultural and scientific figures interested in the need for socialist transformations were combined. Conducted research contributed to increased interest in the problems of the history of science and science. With lectures from these areas, as well as reports on other diverse subjects, Otto Yulievich often spoke to a wide audience.

Otto Yulievich Schmidt: Expeditions

Since his youth Schmidt was sick with tuberculosis,sharpened every ten years. In 1924, the Soviet scientist was given the opportunity to improve their health in Austria. There Otto Yulievich incidentally graduated from the school of mountaineering. Being at the head of the Soviet-German expedition, in 1928 he studied the Pamir glaciers. The next ten years since 1928 was devoted to the study and development of the Arctic.

In 1929, on the icebreaker steamer "Sedov" wasArctic expedition formed, successfully reached Franz Josef Land. In the Tikhaya Bay, Schmidt created a polar geophysical observatory that surveyed the lands and straits of the archipelago. In 1930, during the second expedition, islands such as Isachenko, Wiese, Dlinny, Voronin, Domashniy were discovered. In 1932, for the first time in one navigation, the icebreaker Sibiryakov made a passage from Arkhangelsk to the Pacific Ocean. The leader of this expedition was Shmidt Otto Yulievich.

Expedition success

The success of the expedition confirmed the feasibilityactive development of the Arctic for economic purposes. For the practical implementation of this project, the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route was organized, the head of which was Shmidt Otto Yulievich. The task of the institution was the development of a complex route, its technical equipment, the study of the polar subsoil, the organization of comprehensive scientific work. The construction of weather stations revived along the coast, a huge impetus was given to ice shipbuilding, radio communications and polar aviation.

Salvation Chelyuskinites

Для проверки возможности курсирования In 1933, the shipping ship Chelyuskin, headed by Otto Yulievich and V. I. Voronin, was dispatched by the Arctic Ocean in 1933 along the Sibiryakov route. The expedition was attended by people of different specialties, including carpenters, sent to the winterers to build houses. A group of winterers with their families should have landed on Wrangel Island. The expedition ended dramatically: due to strong winds and currents, Chelyuskin could not go into the Pacific Ocean. The vessel was crushed by ice, which resulted in the sinking within two hours.

104 человека, оказавшиеся на льдине, вынуждены were to spend two months in a polar winter, until they were saved by aviation. The pilots who took Cheliuskites off the ice floes became the Heroes of the Soviet Union. In the last days of his stay in the ruthless northern conditions, Otto Yulievich fell ill with pneumonia and was transferred to Alaska. Healed, he returned to Russia as a world-famous hero. Otto Yulievich Schmidt, a North-researcher of the North, spoke on scientific advances and possible prospects for the development of the Arctic expanses, both in Russia and abroad. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Schmidt in 1937; the scientist at that time organized an expedition to the North Pole, the purpose of which was to create a drifting station there.

Cosmogonic Schmidt hypothesis

In the mid 40s Schmidt was put forwardnew cosmogonic hypothesis about the appearance of the Earth and the planets of the solar system. The scientist believed that these bodies were never red-hot gas bodies, but formed from solid, cold particles of matter. The development of this version of Schmidt Otto Yulievich continued until the end of his life, along with a group of Soviet scientists.

Schmidt's Disease

In the Great Patriotic War, Shmidt Otto Yulievich,whose biography is an example of a real leader, led the evacuation processes and organized the activities of academic institutions in a new environment for the country. Since the winter of 1943, tuberculosis has progressed, affecting the entire body. Otto Yul'evich was periodically forbidden by doctors to speak; he was often treated in sanatoriums, and in the last years of his life he was practically bedridden. But at any moment of improving his condition, he worked hard and even lectured in Leningrad and Moscow. Otto Yulievich died on September 7, 1956 at his summer cottage in Mazinga, near Zvenigorod.

Otto Schmidt Yul'evich: interesting facts

Otto Yulievich Schmidt's life was full of cooltwists and turns: from mathematics he turned into a statesman. Then he became interested in creating an encyclopedia, and then he became a pioneer traveler. Some events in the life of this great man took place according to his will, others - by coincidence of circumstances. Otto Yulievich Schmidt, whose brief biography is a vivid example for the modern generation, always worked with full force, with maximum efficiency, without allowing himself a single minute of rest. The wide erudition, tireless curiosity, organization in work, clear logic of thinking, the ability to highlight important details against the general background of multitasking, democracy in human relations and the ability to cooperate with others contributed to this.

At some point, the disease tore off from people.this zest, the witty interlocutor, the indefatigable person of creative energy, accustomed to practical public activities. Otto Yulievich Schmidt, whose brief biography arouses the sincere interest of the young generation, did not despair: he still read a lot. Knowing about his imminent demise, he left life wisely and with dignity. Otto Yurevich was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery. The memory of this man is immortalized with a capital letter in the publication of selected works, assigning him the name of the cape on the coast of the Chukchi Sea, the peninsula of Novaya Zemlya, the island in the Kara Sea, the pass, one of the peaks in the Pamir Mountains, and the Institute of Earth Physics.