The subject of forensic science includesstudy the patterns of preparation, concealment and commission of a criminal act. This science studies the origin and existence of traces of crime. Within the framework of science, a special system is being developed that includes special techniques, tools and methods of forensic science, methods for evaluating and investigating judicial evidence, which in turn are subsequently used in a criminal process that involves investigating, warning, and disclosing crimes.
The whole of science is divided into sections.
- Theoretical basis.
- Equipment.
- Methodology.
- Forensic tactics.
The fourth section studiesregularities of investigation of traces of criminal action within the framework of the investigation. Forensic tactics includes a set of techniques that make it possible to make the most effective use of the capabilities of a certain investigative action, based on the specific situation in the case.
The section includes 2 parts - special and general.
The first includes the tactics of conducting specific investigative actions. Such actions, in particular, include identification, interrogation, investigative experiment, confrontation, inspection and so on.
Forensic tactics is asection that reflects the system of scientific principles and planning recommendations based on them, as well as the organization of judicial and preliminary investigation. Along with this, the line of conduct of persons conducting forensic investigation of evidence, the methods of carrying out actions within the investigation, aimed at collecting and studying evidence, is determined.
Forensic tactics in some casesis called investigative. However, many experts note that the first definition most accurately reflects the content of this section. This is mainly due to the fact that the scientific provisions of criminalistic tactics can be applied not only by investigators, but also by judges, prosecutors or employees of inquiry bodies.
The general part deals with concepts, content,essence of science. In the same subsection, sources are studied, the relationship with other sections of criminalistics and other branches of science. In the general part, the essence of the main categories of science is also considered. This subsection explores the doctrine of planning the investigation of criminal acts and the forensic version.
Formation of forensic tactics inas a scientific branch in its modern form occurred as a result of research by experts in expert, investigative, operational-search and judicial activities.
In the development of fundamental concepts, practical recommendations, active scientists, such as Belkin, Vasiliev, Porubov, Karneev, Bykhovsky, Luzgin and others took an active part.
As an independent section,Forensic tactics, nevertheless, has a close connection with other areas of science. Thus, it uses various partial theories, which are components of the general theory. Along with this, when developing tactics for the implementation of a number of investigative actions, the specificity of the use of means and methods of criminalistic technology is always taken into account. In addition, the common methods for carrying out actions within the framework of the investigation acquire special features in private methods.
The main tasks of forensic tactics include:
- Developing the most effective recommendations for planning and organizing investigations.
- Creation of methods for preparing and producing actions within the framework of the investigation.
- Improvement of forms of interaction between investigators and operational staff by tax, customs and other officials.
- Development of recommendations on the use of special knowledge in the conduct of investigative and judicial actions.
