Complex sentences are units of syntax,section of the science of language, studying phrases and sentences. These are not the smallest units. They consist of simple sentences combined into one grammatical and intonational whole.
Simple syntactic units that make upcomplex sentences, they have their own grammatical basics, but they do not have intonation and semantic completeness, differing from simple sentences existing independently. Completeness is possessed only by the whole composition of simple sentences expressing a complex thought.
An example of a simple sentence: It was the usual spring morning.
Example of a complex sentence: Outside the window the first bird's voices rang, in the room it became light, the usual spring morning began.
The means of communication between simple constructions,which are included in complex sentences, are alliances, so-called union words, and intonation, which is expressed in writing with punctuation marks. Relative pronouns and pronominal adverbs act as allied words. Often sentences are held together only by intonation.
As for the means of communication, complex sentences are divided into non-union and allied constructions.
The group of allied proposals, in turn, is divided into complex and complex sentences. There are also complex sentences with different types of communication.
An example of an all-union complex sentence: I will never go to deception, it's very unpleasant to feel like a liar, it will break the delicate balance of my life.
An example of a complex compound sentence: Tourists walked quickly, and there was only two kilometers to the campground.
An example of a complex compound sentence: Forester warned that if the weather does not improve, then there is nothing to dream about hunting.
In the framework of the compound sentence simpleconstructions are separated by commas. Commas are not placed before connecting and separating unions, if the simple parts they join are related to a general secondary member or a general subordinate clause.
Example: From the window shine the distant mountains and the river is visible.
If one of the proposals contains an opposition or an abrupt adherence, then a dash is placed instead of a comma.
Example: He will raise his hand - and several people press dozens of buttons, voting for absent deputies.
If in compound sentences all partsequal, then in complex sentences there is a major part and secondary. The main part contains the main idea, the main statement, and the secondary parts, expressed by simple sentences, answer the questions of secondary members by analogy with the structure of a simple sentence.
By the nature of the connection complex sentencesThey are divided into those that are connected to the main sentence directly and to those that are connected by a serial connection, and to the main one - only one of them.
Example: She told me how she rested in the summer and where she plans to go in the winter.
To the narrator, both clauses are related
Example: I suddenly saw that someone was coming out of a neighboring house, in which, as I was told, for many years the light had not burned.
With the main offer "I suddenly saw"only subordinate clause is connected"that someone comes out of the house next door". The remaining accessory parts are connected in series with each other.
English also uses complexdesigns. If parts of a complex syntactic construction consisting of simple constructions are equivalent and each has grammatical centers represented by subject and predicate, then these are analogs of Russian complex sentences.
Example: We have not been satisfied with them. We bought a modern house, but we are unhappy with it.
Simple parts in a complex whole are often connected by unions, as in the Russian sentence. In this example, this is a union. but - analogue of the Russian adversary union but.
Complicated sentences in English are also complex, in which minor simple syntactic constructions obey the main part.
What he told me yesterday? What he said to me yesterday turned out to be true.
