The state is one of the most important socialinstitutions that organize and control the relations and interactions of individuals and groups. State sovereignty is an inalienable quality of it as an acting subject of international law, characterized by political and legal independence, determined by the legal right of equality of independent states.
The sovereignty of power denotes itindependence and independence in making fundamental decisions. Of course, in today's world there can not be absolute independence. Any state depends to a greater or lesser extent on the influence of other countries or their associations. However, this does not mean that education does not have state sovereignty.
In modern law, apart from the concept of "sovereigntystate "there is the concept of people's sovereignty, the essence of which is in the supremacy of the people. It is viewed as the only legitimate and legitimate carrier of supreme power.
However, the sovereignty of the state differs frompeople's sovereignty. In the first case, the carrier (subject) is the state, in the other - the people. In addition, popular sovereignty can manifest itself not only in the exercise of power through elective bodies and other political mechanisms, but also in various forms of public self-government.
At present, the concept of the people'ssovereignty is recognized in the world, as reflected, for example, in the article of the twenty-first Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that the people's will must be the basis of power and be expressed in regular and genuine elections. The concept of the sovereignty of the people is manifested in the right to own natural riches and in other forms.
The sovereignty of the state is undoubtedly closely related to the people, because it is the state that should act as the main spokesman for the will of society.
The tasks and functions of the state are determined by itssocial essence. If it expresses the interests of one social group as opposed to the interests of others, then the tasks of the state will be reduced to ensuring group domination. If it expresses the interests of the greater part of the people, then concern for the welfare of society will come to the fore.
Speaking about the state, it is necessary to allocate itbasic signs. This is primarily a unified political power, distributed to the entire population. Secondly, the possession of sovereignty. The third sign is the existence of independent and independent legislative, executive and judicial authorities. The fourth sign of the state is the supremacy of other authorities within the country. Fifth, the existence of a special apparatus of power, as well as management and coercion. Sixth, the organization and implementation of power solely on legal grounds.
Under the functions of the state, the basicdirections of activities that express its essence and purpose. They can be considered in terms of distribution. Then it will be internal and external.
Internal functions include economic(the formation of a budget and control over its expenditure, the development of an economic development program, etc.); social (assistance to needy members of society, allocation of funds for health, education, recreation, culture, etc.); financial control; protection of law and order; ecological.
External functions includecooperation with other states in the economic, political, scientific, technical, environmental, military and cultural spheres; defense of the country from external aggressors, protection of borders.
These are the main features and functions of the state.
