/ / Conquerors of space 20-21 century: a comparative table

Conquerors of the cosmos of the 20-21 century: comparative table

The most exciting adventure of allHumanity began in the middle of the 20th century, soon after the end of the main tragedy of the century - the Second World War. A revolution occurred that captured the minds and souls of people from different countries, and the first space explorers of the 20-21 century appeared. We broke into outer space and mastered it inexorably and uncontrollably. How did this tectonic shift occur in the lives of people and the development of technology, what awaits us now, in the 21st century?

Beginning of space exploration

Space exploration was initially conducted by twothe superpowers — the USSR and the USA, whose confrontation resulted not only in political clashes and the arms race, but also in rivalry in science and technology. Despite the efforts and great financial opportunities, the United States at the dawn of the space age could not become pioneers and leaders in it. Conquerors of space of 20-21 centuries, they will later catch up, they will create manned space shuttles, super-powered telescopes and send rovers to explore the Red Planet. For the time being we will start with the description of the first space launch.

conquerors of space 20 21 century

The criterion for the attribution of flight to the space is the intersection of the Karman line at an altitude of 100 kilometers.

PS-1, created and launched by the Soviet Union,able to develop the necessary speed, overcome the attraction of the Earth and was launched by a launch vehicle into orbit in October 1957. The companion could not say a memorable, soul-touching phrase about steps for humanity like the one that Neil Armstrong said. PS-1 broadcast only “Bip-Bip!”, But this was enough to open a new era in the history of our civilization.

The first conquerors of space 20-21 century

When asked to recall the pioneers of spacebefore the eyes of any person gets the smiling face of Yuri Gagarin. But still the first living organism sent to Earth orbit was not he, but Drosophila. Ordinary fruit flies were launched by Americans in 1947 in order to conduct a study of the effect of high altitude on the degree of radiation in the body.

Мушки вернулись живыми и здоровыми, а на смену after only a year, they flew away a macaque named Albert I. Albert was less fortunate - he died of asphyxiation before reaching the Karman line, which means that he had not actually been in space.

space explorers of 20 21st century comparative table

Then there were a few Alberts, but stillThe first mammals that rose to a height of more than 100 km and returned alive from there were two dogs, the Dezik and the Gypsy. Their launch in 1951 was engaged in the USSR. The dogs did not make it to orbit. There were several more attempts to conduct an orbital flight, but the first, with a successful return home, happened only in 1960. Belka and Strelka, and with them four dozen mice and two rats circled around the Earth and returned alive and unharmed. Shortly after the flight ended, Strelka became the mother of six puppies, the fate of which was taken up by Nikita Khrushchev. He gave one of the puppies of the space dog to the daughter of the president of America, Caroline Kennedy. Thus, the first space explorers of the 20-21 centuries were our smaller brothers, who need to pay tribute and memory.

First man in space

Nothing will ever change the fact that the firstSoviet citizen Yuri Gagarin became the astronaut of the planet. Having said the world famous phrase “Let's go!”, He entered the near-earth orbit on the Vostok-1 spacecraft.

The flight did not last long - 108 minutes, but all thistime downstairs people in different countries listened to the radios and did not take their eyes off the television screens. They still did not understand, rather they felt the significance of this flight for all those living on the planet.

space explorers of 20 21st century in physics

It took relatively little time, and nowthe space explorers of the 20-21 centuries beat the record again. The duration of the flight Valery Polyakov impresses. The Russian cosmonaut spent more than a year at the Mir station.

The most significant cosmic events of the 20th century

Looking up from Earth, mankind does not intend toit was stop. The science fiction writers wrote books in which people explore and colonize other planets, the filmmakers conceived the first space battles and the space explorers of the 20-21 centuries went forward. A comparative table will further show how the development of the age of astronautics went.

A dream to step on the surface of a celestial body,different from the home planet, embodied in the landing of American astronauts on the moon. The man who conquered the only natural satellite of our planet was Neil Alden Armstrong. He disturbed the Sea of ​​Tranquility on July 20, 1969.

table conquerors of space 20 21 century

Having studied the nearest celestial bodies, astrophysicschose a new target - Mars. And now the station Mars 2, belonging to the USSR, has rushed to it. With its help, the object created by the efforts of human hands and mind, first came to the surface of the Red Planet, and in 1983 on the American Pioneer 10, the first man-made object left the borders of our Solar System.

Last known delivery achievementObjects created by mankind, away from the Earth, became the departure of the American Voyager 1 spacecraft beyond the borders of the solar system, then, years later, reached interstellar space.

Conquerors of Space 20-21 century: a comparative table of achievements of the USSR and the USA

Period

Indicators

the USSR

USA

60s

Piloted flights

69

86

Astronauts / Astronauts

87

106

70s

Piloted flights

248

270

Astronauts / Astronauts

337

386

80s

Piloted flights

497

448

Astronauts / Astronauts

516

900

90s

Piloted flights

785

969

Astronauts / Astronauts

808

2032

2000-2009

Piloted flights

982

1440

Astronauts / Astronauts

991

2799

Summary table "Conquerors of space 20-21 century"

1961-2009

Flying

Astronauts / Astronauts

the USSR

2421

2739

USA

3151

6223

Conclusions: the backlog of the USSR in quantitative indicators of space exploration began to increase since the 1970s of the 20th century. The gap became significant in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Modern cosmonautics

In the 20th century there was a cosmic boom, a revolution,but the surge can't last long. The development of astronautics reached a qualitatively different level and since then has continued consistently and without shocks. And this is what the conquerors of space of 20-21 centuries fought for. Physics systematizes the knowledge gained, generalizes achievements in theory and practical research, which are made far beyond the limits of the earth's shell.

conquerors of space 20 21 century flight duration

One of the main directions is considered to be the development of more sophisticated manned spacecraft and ships with a nuclear module for interplanetary flights.

Conquerors rush back into cosmic spacesSpace 20-21 century. In terms of physics and astronomy, the possibilities of colonization with the exhaustion of the Earth’s resources or its overpopulation are being planned. The space military industry is developing, while at the stage of spy satellites. Regular flights and launches of satellites raised the question of cleaning up outer space from Earth from space debris.