Своё название это самое глубокое место в мире received because of the Mariana Islands, which are close by. This is a deep oceanic chute, located in the Pacific Ocean, in its western part. The deepest place on earth reaches 10,911 meters, its length is about 2,500 kilometers, and its width is about 80 kilometers. Its slopes are very steep, the angle of their slope is on average about 8 degrees. The bottom is divided into several sections by rapids. Interestingly, the pressure at a depth of about eleven kilometers reaches 109 megapascals, which is 1090 times more than normal atmospheric pressure.
The first who decided to explore the deepestplace on earth were British explorers. English oceanographers conducted their work on the rebuilt military three-masted corvette "Challenger" in 1875. The warship was converted into a sailing research vessel for biological, meteorological and hydrological work. Then the depth of the sea depression was determined using a deep-sea lot of 8,367 meters. However, the first more accurate information about the depth of the Mariana Chute was obtained only in 1951. According to the measurements made, the deepest place on earth was declared equal to 10 863 meters.After that, the Mariana Trench was called the “Challenger Abyss”. The following scientists of the Soviet Union investigated the Mariana Trench. Our oceanology researchers in 1957 conducted a study of the Mariana Trench. The result of measurements of the maximum depth of the depression was equal to 11,022 meters. In addition, during this expedition, life was established at depths of more than seven kilometers. Thus, the notion at that time that life in the ocean at a depth of more than 6-7 kilometers was impossible was disproved. The expedition was led by Alexei Dmitrievich Dobrovolsky, a famous Soviet oceanologist. This was his third expedition on the Vityaz as its leader. In 1992, the Vityaz was transferred to the newly formed Museum of the World Ocean. For almost two years, the ship was repaired at the factory, and in July 1994 it was parked in the maritime museum of the city of Kaliningrad.
The deepest place on earth the first in the worldWe saw Don Walsh, a US Navy officer, and Jacques Picard, a famous oceanographer from Switzerland, on January 23, 1960. They plunged into the armored submersible Trieste. According to the readings of the instruments installed on board, Walsh and Picard dropped to the level of 10,917 meters. The time of the dive itself was about five hours, and the rise was about three hours, while the time spent by the testers directly at the bottom was only 12 minutes. However, this short period of time was enough for them to make a sensational scientific discovery: they found flat fish similar to flounder, about 30 centimeters in size.
Famous Canadian director and screenwriter JamesIn March 2012, Cameron reached the bottom of the Mariinsky Trench on the new single-seater deep-sea unit and thus became the third person in the world to visit the bottom of the Mariinsky Depression and the first to do it alone. He descended into the abyss for more than two and a half hours, stayed there for about three hours and climbed to the surface of the ocean for just over an hour - 70 minutes.
In 2005, Japanese ocean scientists discoveredMariana Trench, thirteen species of previously unknown unicellular science. Modern deep-sea devices have repeatedly fixed the movement of bodies unknown in the science of marine animals at the world's largest depth.
Late distance from ocean surface to bottomtroughs constantly refined. The most accurate are the studies conducted in 1997 by Japanese scientists. They showed that the depth of the Mariana Trench is 10,911.4 meters.