The pre-revolutionary period
The first Russian sociologists were to a large extentinspired by developments of Western scientists. First of all, Auguste Comte, Georg Simmel and Emile Durkheim. At the same time, in the domestic conditions, this science has acquired a completely special character. On the local soil, its main problem was the national idea.
It was then that Russian sociologists created manyFateful for the country (and partially popular even today) concept: Slavophilism, Westernism and so on. The emergence of two camps, supporting these ideas, determined sociological thought in the country in the middle of the 19th century. The Slavophils were convinced that the historical conditions of Russia had formed here a completely unique social organism, which led to the need for further independent development and the rejection of the ideas of the European way, and even more so from integration. Russian sociologists of Western sentiments viewed Russia as a component of the pan-European civilization and advocated the division of the corresponding values, as well as the speedy integration into the European family.
Closer to the end of the XIX century, as well as at the beginning of the XX centuryDomestic scientific thought the foremost trend was subjectivism. In the Russian realities, this teaching implied the ability of an individual to significantly influence the historical course of events at will, regardless of the objective laws of social and historical development. The most famous Russian sociologists of the pre-revolutionary period: N. Danilevsky, N. Chernyshevsky, L. Mechnikov, P. Lavrov and several others.
Sociological Science in the Soviet State
In the first post-revolutionary decadethere was still a lot of freedom for the development of sociological ideas. The party was engaged in internal contradictions and a struggle of views on which course the state should develop. The science of society in this period was fully recognized and even supported, what Russian sociologists used.
Так, в Петроградском и Ярославском университетах even the departments were created. In 1919 a sociological institute was founded in the country, corresponding literature was published. However, the further, the more the free-thinking was replaced, replaced by the Marxist approach to the study of society.
В 1930-х социология вовсе оказывается в опале government, becoming for him a pseudoscience. A new, timid attempt at revival is being undertaken by Russian sociologists of the 20th century in the second half, when in the 1960s its interrupted development continues in the system of related sciences - philosophy and economics. A certain recognition of the science of social development is received only in the 1970-1980s, and with perestroika, and at all freedom. However, the financial collapse of the state led sociology, like many other sciences, for many years to a standstill.
