Russian language: a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

Finding correspondences between grammaticalthe mistake and the sentence in which it was made is one of the most difficult tasks in the examination work on the Russian language. Often in the works of school students there are grammatical errors in the construction of the sentence with an uncoordinated application.

Application in Russian grammar

Приложение является, пожалуй, самым таинственным a minor member of the sentence, which is extremely difficult to distinguish from an uncoordinated definition or predicate. So, an application is a member of a sentence, which in it performs the syntactic function of a definition, but is expressed by a noun or a word that has become a noun. Being essentially a definition, the application is consistent with the main word in the case and number. For example: "Brother Andrew went into the room. " Brother - an application that is consistent with the designated word in the number and case. Or "Prank cat in the room ".

Application boundaries

In Russian grammar, an application can be nouns (Gora-giant towered over the sea), phrases (Guesta relative of neighbors spoke clearly and thoughtfully), momentum with the union as (Father, like an old man it was hard to climb the stairs), turnovers with words by name, rank, surname, surname (Military, in the rank of colonel, helped women and children), quotes (Journal "Electron" family subscribed for several years).

The last two examples illustrate cases.the use of an inconsistent application, where the form of the word being defined and the form of the application coincide only in the nominative and accusative cases. A violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application is a typical mistake made by students.

Question of defining applications as a member of a sentence

In Russian linguistics there is no consensus about the boundaries of the application. This is a controversial member of the proposal.

The application is usually considered in a wideunderstanding and in narrow. Thus, in the narrow sense of the word, an application is a definition-noun. There is a category of scholars who refer to applications as any adjective that complements the noun. Others believe that the application is a clarifying construct under the main terms of the proposal. There is an opinion that the application is a subordinate additional clause. So different points of view are explained by different criteria - semantic and grammatical, taken as a basis.

Application and Definition

By parsing the sentence,The app can be emphasized with a wavy line like any definition. An inconsistent definition is similar to an application: it is expressed by the noun in an indirect case. The difference between the application and the definition is that the application, describing the subject, gives it a different name. The definition has a descriptive meaning. For example:

• Woman, come from Moscow, lived opposite.
• Woman with brown eyes walking down the street.

In the first sentence, an application is highlighted that gave another, additional name to the subject: come from Moscow means Muscovite. In the second sentence, the inconsistent definition with brown eyes i.e brown-eyed, которое описывает субъект.A violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application or an inconsistent definition can be both grammatical and punctuation. It must be remembered that inconsistent applications, which are the names of something, are quoted: a play "At the bottom", suit Nike coffee "Arbat".

Violations in the construction of the proposal: inconsistent application

Inconsistent application is in most cases a name.

In this case, an inconsistent application is considered if it is in an indirect case in the presence of a generic word. For example, novel "The Way": here "Way" - a consistent application, as it stands insame number and case as the generic word - in the singular, nominative case. If you use this phrase in an indirect case, the application becomes inconsistent: in the novel "The Way", the novel "The Way"where the application does not change. Coordination in the case of a generic word and an application is a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application.

Inconsistent application in the examination paper

In the final work on the Russian language includedtask - to find a sentence with the wrong use of the application. This is a task for compliance, where in the list of sentences it is necessary to find various grammatical errors, including a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application. The theory on this assignment, given in the tables below, helps to understand the material.

Examples will help to understand the essence of the task.

Violation of sentence building with uncoordinated application

Incorrect use of inconsistent application	The correct use of inconsistent application
In the magazine "High life" published voting results.	In the magazine "Savor" published voting results. AT "High life" published voting results.
The opera The Nutcracker the child became seriously interested.	The opera "Nutcracker" the child became seriously interested. The Nutcracker the child became seriously interested.
There was no candy on the table "Alenki".	There was no candy on the table "Alenka". Not on the table "Alenki".

In accordance with the norms of the Russian language,changes of the main word together with the application in indirect cases - violations in the construction of the sentence. An inconsistent application, examples of use of which are listed in the table, may vary in cases if the main word is missing in the sentence.

Punctuation at application

Applications in the proposal may be isolated and not isolated. There are rules governing the separation of applications.

Separate applications

Rule	Example
An application is isolated if it is common and belongs to a nominal word or a personal pronoun.	His friend, a former military man, was in the car. An orphan since childhood, she did not receive a good education.
The application is isolated, if it is distributed, refers to its own name and stands after it.	Nikitin, brother's colleague, did not appear in the unit.
An application expressed by a proper name is separated if words can be substituted for it. namely, more precisely, that is.	Anna Ivanovna's sister, (namely) Lidia Ivanovna, was resting in a sanatorium.
Separate the application entered by the union as.	As a superstitious person, he did not tell anyone about the new case.

There are cases of isolation of common applications with a dash. The dash is used for greater semantic allocation of the application. For example, The only joy in life was he - her cat. Undistributed single applications are most often separated from the word being identified by a hyphen: old man-general, palm-friend, Siberian employee.

Punctuation in case of inconsistent application

The application, as well as the definition, can be isolated.

В творческих работах учеников и студентов there are punctuation errors in applications and a violation in the construction of the sentence with an inconsistent application. The exercises, which students can prepare for the exam, are given below the table.

Punctuation in case of inconsistent application

Rule	Example
Inconsistent applications after words by name, by nickname, by birth, by last name, by nickname, stand apart.	That student, named Mikhail, was a trickster and a magician. The owner, nicknamed Bugay, pets feared.
If at the words by name, by birth, by name, by nickname there is no enumeration intonation, then the application may not be isolated.	Parrot named Tosh loved the whole family.
Inconsistent application denoting the name of works, institutions, enterprises, companies, and so on, is in quotes.	The restaurant "Anchor" was not free tables. About the film "On the Road" a lot of positive feedback.

Exercises for training

1. Correct the sentence: The company "Sarenneft" passed the board of directors.
2. Arrange punctuation marks: The leader of the first detachment nicknamed the Leader won the baton.

In the exam papers on the Russian language, a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application is like a trap for inattentive graduates.

In variants from which it is necessary to choose the sentence with the wrong use of the application, there are also correctly made sentences. For example, An article about agriculture was published in Izvestia. This is a well-written sentence. And the sentence "An article about agriculture has been published in "Izvestia" - incorrectly composed.

Difficult cases of finding an application

The app is still a controversial member.sentences that cause controversy among linguists. A violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application is not the only mistake that students can make. The appendix can be confused with specifying constructions or with the predicate. For example, In the apartment (it was always open) there was nobody. There is no application in this offer, but there is an in-line construction. In a sentence "Sister is my best friend also missing an application. Here the predicate is expressed by the noun in the nominative case.

The application is an ambiguous member of the proposal, using which, it is necessary to take into account the rules and regulations of the construction of sentences with applications.