There are three sub-sheets:self-scientific style of the text (articles, monographs, dissertations, scientific reports, speeches in scientific conferences, debates), scientific and educational (lectures, textbooks), popular science (articles, popular science messages, essays).
Scientific style: its main characteristics
Academician D. S. Likhachev in his works indicated:
1. The requirements for the scientific style are significantly different from the requirements for the language of fiction.
2The use of metaphors and different images in the language of scientific work is permissible only if it is necessary to put a logical focus on a certain thought. In the scientific style, figurativeness is only a pedagogical device necessary to draw attention to the basic thought of work.
3. A really good language of scientific style should not be noticed by the reader. He should notice only the thought, not the language by which the thought is expressed.
4. The main advantage of a scientific language is clarity.
5. Other advantages of the scientific style are short, light, simple.
6Scientific style implies minimal use of subordinate clauses in scientific papers. Phrases should be short, the transition from one sentence to another - natural and logical, "unnoticed."
8. Avoid frequent use of pronouns that make you think that they replaced, what they are.
I.Do not be afraid of repetitions, try to get rid of them mechanically. The same concept should be denoted by the same term; it cannot be replaced with a synonym. Only repetitions that came from the poverty of the writer's language should be avoided.
10. Avoid parasitic words that add nothing to the thought. However, an important idea should be disclosed in more detail, with some stopping at it.
11. Scientific style calls for paying special attention to the quality of words. It is better to use the word "opposite" instead of "vice versa", "difference" instead of "difference."
Texts of scientific style: characteristics of language means
- book words with abstract (abstract) and generalized meaning (reflection, thinking, weightlessness, changeability);
- General scientific vocabulary (process, size, quality, component, reason);
- words-terms - a set of names, united in the terminological system of a particular science (plankton, phoneme, congruence, reflection);
- specific combinations of words (boiling point, demographic crisis, pancreas, complex sentence);
- high frequency of adjectives (about 13%), prepositions, conjunctions, prepositional combinations (for a reason, with the help, on the basis, in comparison with ..., in relation to, in connection with ..., etc.);
- complex sentences (especially complex);
- sentences with introductory words, verbal and participial revolutions.
Scientific style should be familiar to everyone.
