Currently, the historical path traversedmankind, divided into the following segments: the primitive era, the history of the Ancient world, the Middle Ages, the New, the Newest time. It is worth noting that today among scientists who are exploring the stages of human development, there is no consensus on periodization. Therefore, there are several special periodizations that partially reflect the nature of the disciplines, and the general, i.e. historical.
Of the special periodizations, the most significant for science is archaeological, which is based on the differences in tools.
Stages of human development primitive eradetermined by more than 1.5 million years. The basis for its study was the remains of ancient tools, cave paintings and burials, which were found during archaeological excavations. Anthropology - the science that is engaged in the restoration of the appearance of primitive man. In this time interval, the emergence of man, it ends with the emergence of statehood.
During this period, the followingstages of human development: anthropogenesis (evolution, which ended about 40 thousand years ago and led to the emergence of a reasonable human species) and sociogenesis (the formation of social forms of life).
Russian and Western science belong to the beginningThe medieval disintegration of the Western Roman Empire, which occurred at the end of the fifth century. At the same time, in the encyclopedia “The History of Mankind”, released by UNESCO, the beginning of this stage is considered the moment of the emergence of Islam, which appeared already in the seventh century.
The stages of human development in the Middle Ages are divided into three time periods: earlier (5th century - middle of the 11th century), high (middle of the 11th century - end of the 14th century), and later (14-16th century).
In the period of the New time, the industrial and capitalist civilization took shape. The stages of human development at this stage are divided into several segments.
The first. It originates when revolutions take place in the world aimed at overthrowing the estate system. The first of these occurred in England in 1640 - 1660.
The second period came after the Great French Revolution (1789-1794). At this time there is a rapid growth of the colonial empires, the division of labor at the international level.
The third period comes at the end of the 19th century and is characterized by the rapid development of industrial civilization, which occurs due to the development of new territories.
The newest history and its periodization in the presenttime is controversial. However, within its framework, the following stages of human development are highlighted. The table in school textbooks shows that this era consists of two main periods. The first began at the end of the 19th century and covers the entire first half of the 20th century - the early modern time.
Great crisis, sovereign rivalry,destruction of the colonial systems of European states, the conditions of the Cold War. Qualitative changes occurred only in the second half of the 20th century, when the development of industrial robots and the spread of computers changed the nature of work. The changes also affected the international sphere, when cooperation came to the place of rivalry.
