Характеристика климатических поясов (таблица below) is the topic of this article. We will talk about what types of climate exist on our planet, and also consider each of them in detail. To do this, we recall that the climate is called the weather mode, established over the years, which depends on the specific territory, its geographical location.
Equatorial belt
This climate zone is characterized by lowpressure and year-round presence of air masses. Inside the belt there are no separate climatic regions. As for the temperature, it is hot here. During the year a lot of rain falls, moisture in excess. The weather here changes very dramatically during the day. The first half is sultry, and the second begins with heavy rains.
The names of climatic zones are associated with their features. The equatorial belt is located near the equator, and therefore has such a name.
Subequatorial belt is characterized by a changeair masses that occurs seasonally. In summer, equatorial air masses prevail, and in winter, more tropical. Weather conditions in summer are fully consistent with the equatorial type of climate, whereas the weather in winter resembles the conditions of the tropical belt. Winter is dry and a bit colder than summer.
Tropical Belt
As we already know, the names of climatic zoneslinked to their location. This type of climate is characterized by tropical air masses throughout the year. The air is continental. The real weather of the tropical belt is high pressure and temperature, a large temperature difference not only during the year, but also during the day. Water in this climate is not enough. It is very hot and dry here, often there are dust storms and dry winds. There is almost no rain. The weather is usually dry and sunny.
However, the tropical belt is deceptive.The eastern shores of the continents, which are washed by warm currents, are also located in this belt, but have a different climate. The air is marine tropical, heavy rainfall, monsoons. Climatic conditions are similar to the equatorial climate.
For subtropical belts characteristic changeair masses. In summer, the tropical climate prevails, in winter - moderate. Pressure spikes in summer and winter are quite high. In winter, the pressure is low, and in summer - high. Despite the strong difference in temperature and precipitation throughout the year, the thermometer is above zero all year round. Sometimes the temperature can even drop to negative values. In such periods snow falls. On the flat areas, it melts quickly, but in the mountains it can lie for several months. As for the winds, in the winter westerly winds prevail, and in the summer - trade winds.
Temperate zone
The temperature of climatic zones is largelydepends on air masses that prevail over the territory. In the temperate zone, as the name implies, a temperate climate. But not always. Sometimes tropical or arctic air masses invade. The temperate climate is characterized by a large temperature difference. Summer is hot and winter is frosty and long. Relatively low pressure, cyclone, weather instability in winter. Throughout the year, westerly winds blow, summer sometimes trade winds, and in winter - northeastern winds. Every winter massive snow cover.
Arctic and Antarctic Belts
В характеристике климатических поясов в таблице, You can see what temperatures prevail in these zones. Features of these belts in low temperatures all year long, strong winds and cold summers. There is very little precipitation.
Subarctic and subantarctic belts
These belts are different in the summer here.dominated by a temperate climate. Because of this, a large amplitude of temperature fluctuations occurs. There are a lot of permafrost in these belts. In winter, northeastern and southeasterly winds predominate, and westerly in summer. The belts have 2 climatic regions, about them below.
Territories of climatic zones
Each belt is specific to a specificterritory. Natural and climatic zones have been formed on the planet for a long time, therefore we can confidently identify certain areas in which the climate of the belt is pronounced.
Equatorial climate is typical for Oceania,countries of South America and Africa. The subequatorial climate is characteristic of Northern Australia and Southeast Asia. The central part of Australia and North Africa is the tropical belt. Subtropics are characteristic of the interior regions of the continents. A temperate climate prevails in the western and eastern margins of Eurasia. The subarctic climate zone prevails in North America and northern Eurasia. The Arctic and Antarctic zones are characteristic of Australia and the Arctic Ocean.
Climate belt table
The table shows the characteristics of the zones.
Belt | The average temperature in January | Average temperature in July | Atmosphere |
Equatorial | +25 | +25 | Wet warm air masses |
Subequatorial | +20 | +31 | Monsoons prevail |
Tropical | +10 | +37 | Trade winds |
Subtropical | +8 | +40 | Cyclone, high atmospheric pressure |
Moderate | + 2 ... -20 | +19 | Westerly winds and monsoons |
Subarctic | -25 | +8 | Cyclones |
Arctic (Antarctic) | -40 | 0 | Anticyclones |
Climatic areas of belts
Subtropical zones have three climatic regions:
- Mediterranean climate. Mostly in the northern hemisphere, in the southern andthe western shores of the continents. In summer there is a continental climate, and in winter - continental and sea air masses. Summer is dry and warm, and winter is relatively cool, wet. Moisturizing insufficient.
- Monsoon climate. Distributed on the eastern shores of the continents.Summer monsoons cause intense heat and a lot of precipitation, while winter monsoons cause coolness and dryness. Moisturizing in this area is moderate. Precipitation is typical for the winter season.
- Sea climate. Distributed on the continents of the southern hemisphere. Characterized by sea air masses. Summer and winter are warm. There is enough moisture, it is distributed evenly throughout the year.
- Moderate maritime climate. Predominantly on the western shores of the continents.The weather is formed under the influence of warm currents and westerly winds. Winter is quite mild, and summer is warm. For the year will fall a lot of rain. Winter is characterized by heavy and frequent snowfalls. Moisture is more than enough. The geography of the climate zone contributes to the instability of the weather.
- Continental temperate climate. It is characterized by warm summers and cold winters.Arctic air masses sometimes provoke a sharp cooling, and tropical air masses - warming. There is little precipitation, they are uniform (cyclonic and frontal).
- Continental climate. Распространяется только на северное полушарие.Throughout the year, moderate air masses prevail. Sometimes arctic air masses appear (in this area their invasion is possible even in summer). In the warm season, more rainfall, but in general they are insignificant. A small amount of snow and the prevalence of low temperatures contribute to the permafrost.
- Sharply continental climate. Characteristic for the interior of the NorthAmerica and Eurasia. The territory is practically isolated from the influence of the seas and oceans and is located at the center of high pressure. Sometimes summer is hot, winter is always frosty. A lot of permafrost. The type of weather is anticyclonic. There is little precipitation, little moisture.
- Monsoon climate. Distributed on the eastern side of the continents. Characterized by seasonality of air masses. Summer is wet and warm, and winter is dry and cool. Summer precipitation is more numerous, excessive moisture.
- continental climate (harsh but short winter, little precipitation, wetland);
- oceanic climate (fog, heavy rainfall, mild winter and cool summer).
The characteristic of climatic zones in the table does not include two areas of the Arctic and Antarctic zones:
- continental arctic climate (little rainfall, full year temperatures below zero);
- oceanic climate (cyclones, little rain, negative temperatures).
The temperature in the oceanic climate can rise to +5 during the polar day.
Summing up, let's say that the characteristics of climatic zones (in the table) are necessary for every educated person.
