Petersburg architecture of the old city hasown guardian angel, otherwise it is difficult to explain how some buildings managed to survive. Having survived the revolution, war, neglect, and sometimes the human desire for destruction, the city has saved its uniqueness. The museum-estate of Derzhavin in St. Petersburg was repeatedly rebuilt to the needs of new times and owners, but survived, and the current generation was able not only to walk through the halls, but also to touch the brilliant era.
House for the poet
Modern house-estate Derzhavin on Fontanka wasacquired by the poet in 1791. The building was under construction, which gave a chance to design and decorate the interior according to the taste of the new owners. Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin turned to the architect and his long-time friend N. A. Lvov with a request for completion of work, he gladly got down to business.
The scale of construction was rather big, besidesplanned completion of office space. By 1794, finishing work was being completed, a stable and a kitchen appeared in the estate, and the architect Pilnyakov worked on the project and construction. Unfortunately, the owner of the house, Ekaterina Yakovlevna Derzhavina, who put her soul into the house, had died by the time she completed all the work. After it, there remains evidence of her reverent attitude to a new dwelling. Wanting to set up a family nest, but at the same time experiencing financial difficulties, she kept a record of all the expenses in the “Book on cash costs for a stone house. Since August 1791.
Having settled in the house on the Fontanka, Derzhavin created inhim a special atmosphere. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the house was famous for its hospitality and was considered a center of culture. Since 1811, literary readings and meetings of like-minded people have been regularly held in the “Dance Hall” of the estate. At the end of the 18th century, the estate museum of Derzhavin was replenished with theatrical stages for which the premises were equipped. Members of the family, close friends and famous professional actors of their time took part in the performances.
Magic garden
Кроме планов по постройке и отделке дома, в The task of the architect included the arrangement of the backyard garden. In terms of the estate, several greenhouses are designated, each of which was given to one crop - peaches, pineapples, etc. Part of the land was allocated to a greenhouse, where heat-loving plants, exotic fruits, and flowers grew. The manor garden was rather big, from which traditional crops were harvested (potatoes, rutabagas, beets, peas, cucumbers, radish, etc.).
Архитектор Львов также занимался разбивкой сада и selection of trees. According to his plan, the garden should be a great setting for a stately home. Trees such as lindens, maples, birches, oaks, etc. were planted in the park. The garden was decorated with lilac and jasmine bushes that became fashionable, as well as the more familiar viburnum, wild rose, and honeysuckle. The flower garden was made up mainly of bulbous, rare at that time, crops - hyacinths, lilies, daffodils, many different rose bushes were planted.
Catholic period
After the death of the owners of the estate museum DerzhavinSt. Petersburg was empty for several years. The Roman Catholic Theological Board acquired the mansion in 1846. For the purposes of the organization, luxurious and cozy rooms were not needed, so immediately redevelopment work began. They were conducted under the supervision of architects A. M. Gornostayev and V. I. Sobolschikov.
According to the new tasks, the estate museum Derzhavinreceived an additional floor above the house and outbuildings, the colonnade was dismantled, the facade design was changed. The inner rooms lost the main entrance staircase, some of the rooms received partitions and other changes. Later, the greenhouse was destroyed as unnecessary, and the construction of the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (1870-1873) deprived the estate of gardens and most of the garden.
During the subsequent time, the museum-estate of G.Derzhavin rebuilt several times. So, in 1901, it was necessary to finish the third floor above both wings, the work was carried out by the architect L. P. Shishko.
Revolution and housing problem
После революции, с 1918 по 1924 год, The museum-estate of G. R. Derzhavin was abandoned, the authorities could not find for him the intended use. Then it was decided to give it under housing, which finally destroyed the remnants of the interior decoration. The house was densely populated, new partitions were required, tenants carried out repairs according to their own tastes and abilities.
The ponds in the park were filled up by 1935.The garden of the manor turned from a regular into a spontaneous one, where plantings were conducted without any plan or idea. So the situation lasted for a long time, you can probably find people living in communal apartments at home in Petersburg. At the end of the 20th century, the manor had offices of numerous companies and several residential apartments, the basement of a house 2.5 meters high was flooded for years. The decision to restore and transfer the architectural heritage to the Pushkin Museum was taken in 1998.
Museum status
Museum-estate Derzhavin and Russian literature wasopened in 2003, after global restoration works in the central building. In total, sixteen rooms were opened, where the restorers tried to recreate the atmosphere of the Derzhavin house as accurately as possible. They relied on testimonies and descriptions of contemporaries, surviving recordings of the poet himself.
In different parts of the country there were authenticpieces of furniture from the estate: a part was provided by the All-Russian Pushkin Museum, some items were transferred for temporary storage by the Tretyakov Gallery and many other storages. In the house of Derzhavin proudly demonstrate the authentic table, the writing instrument of the poet, you can also see several author's autographs, personal items and the famous portrait of the host of the brush Tonchi.
Restoration work continued until 2007and crowned the opening of the home theater in the main building and the two wings. With them, the central building is connected by covered galleries, each wing has its own name, inherited from the initial appointment - Kitchen, Konyushenny, etc. Now they have exhibition galleries and concert halls.
From 2009 to 2011 were heldrestoration work in the park. The central greenhouse reappeared on the surviving foundation, they cleared the garden and recreated its historical appearance, where a vast meadow occupies a central place, the stream again rang, and three ponds were restored.
Infrastructure
Estate Museum Derzhavin today - an impressive complex. It includes:
- Central building. The museum of G.R. Derzhavin and the Russian literature of his time operates in the building. There is a permanent exhibition, numbering 16 rooms on two floors.
- East Corps.The first floor is given under the permanent exhibition “Owners of the Russian lira. From G. R. Derzhavin to A. S. Pushkin. ” The second, third floors invite visitors to the exhibition halls of the Pushkin Museum, where materials not included in the permanent exhibition are presented.
- Western Corps.On the ground floor there is the exposition “All-Russian Museum of A.S. Pushkin. Pages of history "(constant). On the second floor there are several halls for creative evenings and meetings, a media center with a collection of unique materials. On the third floor you can visit the permanent exhibition “In white gloss of porcelain”, there are also several exhibition halls, where works of masters from different times, including our contemporaries, are regularly presented.
- Home theater. Reconstructive performances, musical and creative meetings are held in the hall.
- Manor garden. Sightseeing tours are conducted throughout the park, and the park area is used as an open concert stage for musical and theatrical performances.
- Central greenhouse. After recovery, she received other functions, today there are literary readings, musical evenings, lectures.
- Hotel. Located on the territory of the estate complex in the guest house, the interior is designed in the spirit of classicism with a full set of modern comfort.
Permanent exposure
Museum-Estate Derzhavina (St. Petersburg) invites you to visit permanent exhibitions:
- «Владельцы русской лиры. От Г. Р. Державина - к А.S. Pushkin. During the tour, visitors get acquainted with the exposition of authentic portraits of literary and philosophical figures, books published in the period of the 18th and 19th centuries, objects of art. Among the rarities is one of the volumes of the Diderot and D’Alembert Encyclopedia, objects of decorative and applied art. Tickets for adults - from 200 rubles, for students and pensioners - from 100 rubles, for schoolchildren under 16 years old - from 60 rubles.
- "In the white gloss of porcelain."The exhibition is located in several rooms. The first presents porcelain from the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries of the Chinese school. The rest are given under Russian porcelain produced by various manufactories. Samples of objects of the Imperial Porcelain Factory, private factories. Admission for adults - from 120 rubles. For pensioners and students - from 60 rubles. Children under 16 years old attend the exhibition without an excursion for free.
Also in the museum there are excursion programs: “Visiting the host”, “Derzhavin and music”, “I heard you for the first time ...”, a sightseeing tour of the estate garden and others.
Educational activities
In the museum-estate Derzhavin is extensivescientific activities, developed and operate many programs for students of all ages. The program “Traveling with a cat to a scientist in Pushkin's Petersburg” is conducted outside the walls of the museum and is aimed at younger students. During the tour, students learn about the history of the city, children in an interactive form demonstrates the influence of the city on the poet's work.
The game "Derzhavinskaya cuisine" offersto get acquainted with the device of life in the days of the poet's life, the guide shows household items, tells about the device of the furnaces and about many other things that are no less entertaining. The program is designed for middle school age.
In the arsenal of the museum and its staff ismany author's programs that complement school education, helping to develop a love of literature and Russian literature. Adults will also find a lot of new.
Helpful information
The All-Russian Museum of Pushkin consists of sixbranches, among them is the museum-estate Derzhavin. Fontanka was lucky with the residents once, and now there are many architectural monuments located here, attracting compatriots and citizens of other countries.
To touch the era of Derzhavin, Pushkin,Nekrasov, it is worth visiting the museum halls and get carried away by true stories. Museum-estate Derzhavina address has the following: Fontanka Embankment, building 118.
