Samara region is located on the shores of the greatRussian river Volga. More than three million people live in the vast territory. The people living in the Samara region, despite the differences in beliefs, lifestyles and traditions, live very close to each other. There are more than one hundred different nationalities.
To each person, despitebelonging to a certain nationality, lived well, a number of activities are being carried out in the region. They are aimed at the revival of cultural traditions. With respect for the history of various nations, respect for the history and traditions of their country begins. What nations inhabit the Samara region? What do we know about their traditions? What events are held to ensure that the people of the Samara region live in friendship and harmony? What costumes do they wear on holidays and on weekdays?
Diversity of nationalities and nationalities of the Samara region
На первом месте по числу проживающих здесь людей go Russian. They moved to the Volga region from different cities of Russia: Moscow, Penza, Tambov. The main occupation was farming, animal husbandry and horticulture. Religion - Christianity. Russians lived in huts that were built of wood or brick.
On the second - the Tatars, the first of them appeared here.back in the 16th century. Most of them profess the Islamic religion. On the territory of the Samara region built mosques. Tatars decided to color their dwellings brightly, to hang towels, colorful rugs on the inner walls. What other people inhabit the Samara region?
Chuvash They settled here from the end of the 17th century.Engaged in breeding animals: sheep, pigs, horses. The first mention of the Mordovians belong to the 14th century. Gypsies appeared in the Samara region much later. In the middle of the 19th century, a law came out that forbade this people to wander and urged them to live where they are. Among the people inhabiting the Samara region there are Kalmyks, Kazakhs, Jews, Germans, Poles, Mari, Latvians, Estonians and many others.
Interesting Facts
- Before the beginning of the 20th century, Mordvians had large families that numbered up to 40 people. The man had the right to marry several times, all his wives lived as one family.
- Chuvash's favorite national dish is shartan. So called sausage, which is prepared from a sheep's stomach, stuffing for it is meat and lard.
- In the Chuvash's youngest son remains always to live with his parents, this tradition has been preserved in our days. It is also observed in Russian.
- Russian women gave birth in the bath, it was believed that sono trouble in the house will not enter. Only a midwife could be with the future mother. My father was allowed to eat something bitter: salt, bite, mustard. By this action, he seemed to take part of the pain on himself.
- The national drink of the Bashkirs - koumiss - really liked the writer Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy.
Revival of cultural traditions
In order for all peoples of the Samara Region to be in equal rights, the leadership takes the following steps:
- National schools and classes are opened, in which teaching is not only in Russian, but also in Tatar, Uzbek, Mordovian and others.
- Respect for various religions and beliefs. Everyone has the right to decide and choose what to believe. In Samara, built a mosque, church and church.
- A huge work on the revival of folk traditionsand the rapprochement of nations holds the Center for Popular Arts. On his initiative and support are: shows of creativity, folklore holidays, which organize the peoples of the Samara region. As a rule, they have a large number of people.
Traditions of the peoples of the Samara region
Many of them are associated with important events in life.each person: wedding, childbirth, family rites. There is much in common in these traditions. The wedding is divided into several stages. Preparing for it, the celebration itself and the subsequent period. All nations wedding begins with matchmaking. The groom and his parents go to the bride's house and make an offer. All important points are discussed: dowry, number of guests, costs, etc.
The bride should make gifts with her own hands.groom and future relatives. On the wedding day, the bride's parents and her girlfriends are given a ransom by the groom and his relatives. A large number of ritual songs accompany this significant event. The wedding itself should take place in the groom's house. Newlyweds were met by parents and blessed for a good family life. On the day after the wedding, the young wife usually shows her economic skills: she sweeps garbage, cooks her ear. In Chuvash he stokes the oven and cooks noodles.
The birth of a child is celebrated as one of the most joyful and solemn holidays. Relatives and friends congratulate parents and give gifts to the baby.
Special attention is also paid to the burial and commemoration of the departed. On certain days, relatives and friends come to dinner, they say good words about the deceased.
Costumes of the peoples of the Samara region
Есть ряд признаков, по которым мы определяем nationality. One of them is a costume. Of course, in everyday life it is not often that you meet people dressed in national clothes on the streets. But when various folklore festivals and other events take place, the peoples of the Samara region show the beauty of their costumes. In them, each element is carefully selected and full of special meaning. What are they in different nations?
Sundresses and kokoshniki are traditionalRussian clothes. Shirts and pants, velvet jacket, skullcaps are included in the Tatar clothing set. The headdress of girls is a small hat, maybe in different colors: it is blue, green, burgundy. It is necessarily decorated with coins, beads, beads, various embroidery.
Chuvash women wore white shirts,apron, decorations. From shoes - bast shoes and leather boots. Mordovian clothing is very diverse. A shirt, a dressing gown, pants, a belt are the basis of a national costume. Bashkirs wear a long dress, a camisole, an apron and a lot of jewelry. Kaftans - outerwear - made to decorate with coins and embroidery. Shirts of Ukrainians are called "shirts". They can be worn or tucked into pants or skirts.
Of course, all nations have different costumes, but there is one detail that unites them. These are jewelry: scarves, scarves, belts, embroidery, beads, earrings.
National holidays
Traditions are honored and honored in the Samara regiondifferent nations. National holidays are very popular here. Thousands of people attend such events and take an active part in them. Among the holidays that celebrate the peoples of the Samara region, there are the following:
- Sabantuy - the national holiday of the Tatars. Dances, songs, sports competitions, as well as national dishes await everyone on this day to take part in the celebration.
- In early spring, in all the cities and towns of the Samara Region, Maslenitsa is burned and the winter is escorted. On this day, pancakes are baked, horseback riding and fist fights are arranged.
- In the summer, celebrate the ancient holiday of the Slavs - IvanKupala. Our distant ancestors, on this day they made bonfires and jumped over them, and also underwent a rite of purification of the soul and body with the help of water. Today this tradition has changed somewhat. Bonfires are rare, but water is poured over themselves and passers-by, as well as swimming.
Characteristic features uniting different nations
- Respect and respect for elders.
- Unlimited love for children.
- Careful study of the history of its kind.
- Respectful attitude towards other religions.
- Friendliness and openness to people of different nationalities.
Conclusion
Culture and traditions of numerous nations,settling the Samara land, closely intertwined and complemented each other with their wealth and diversity. Here all the conditions are created in order to live in love and harmony.
Each of us is unique, just like any nation. The names of the peoples of the Samara region can be listed for a long time, the main thing is that, as Tatar poet Gabdulla Tukay wrote in one of his poems:
And does the end of this friendship come?
Yes, we were born and grow to the heights
Strung like a thread on one.
The diversity of cultures and religions does not prevent the peoples of the Samara region from living and working together, loving and raising children.
