A heretic who has been weaned and condemned asCatholics, as well as from Lutherans and Calvinists, who did not fit into any religious system of their time, not one ideological system - this is Giordano Bruno. A brief biography and his discoveries still enjoy the indispensable interest of each new generation of people, and are becoming increasingly full of discrepancies.
Basic concepts
There is no unanimity in even the simplest questions:what he preached and what views he held. The debate continues today. The herald of modern science, the preacher of the heliocentric theory, which Copernicus discovered, yes. He anticipated this epoch, but in a strange way he used the theory of Copernicus: with a conception of an occult, mystical and absolutely religious nature.
Дань эмпирической науке он, конечно же, отдавал.But he did astronomical calculations for use by some kind of key that opens another dimension. At a time when Europe was divided culturally, politically and confessionally, Giordano Bruno became the man who developed an absolutely fantastic reform project. A brief biography and his discoveries, even in the most simplified version, are not combined.
Pandora's Box
Философский контекст Средневековья состоит из postulate that then was not, and could not be the only philosophical doctrine. It was then that various intellectual experimenters appeared, trying to synthesize a breakthrough both in the past and in the future. And in this sense, Giordano Bruno is a missionary, a prophet, and perhaps a messiah, in any case, he is a man of this breakthrough, and this is how he positioned himself.
In no way can be attributed to the phenomenahumanism such a fighter with literaryism, what was Giordano Bruno. A brief biography and his discoveries speak for themselves. His university teacher from Naples, Vincenzo de Colle, was known as a follower of Aristotle and an ardent anti-humanist.
Bruno wrote in Latin, very close toscholastic monk. Contradictions and diversity can be seen even from here. Attacking inert clericalism, in his writings he directly mocked monasticism, but he kept in himself such a monastic identity. It is known that he was in the Order of the Dominicans, and, although he broke off relations with him, all his labors bear the imprint of monasticism. Even this topic can be a lot of discussion, so interesting in this role Giordano Bruno. The biography is not written briefly.
Reformer
He can be called a pantheist philosopher,pantheism he was very close. but his reformist essence took over: his teaching became a powerful religious doctrine of a reformational nature, and some kind of new religious reality dawned on him. That is what Bruno blamed for his ill-wishers, and with this accusation the Inquisition took him: as the creator of the new sect of the Egyptian religion, certain "Jordanists."
Bruno was equally annoyed by the Lutherandoctrines, both Calvinistic, and Catholicism of that time. Without abandoning the Catholic paradigm, he invented a systematic way out of the crisis that shook the sixteenth century through the restoration of the Egyptian religion, and even put together a scenario how this could be achieved. In this project, the reading of Christianity completely killed all traditional Christian dogma.
Natural Sciences
Most famous are the writings of Giordano Bruno onthe infinity of worlds in which the medieval vision of cosmology prevailed. The planets for the scientist were supplied with the magical properties of living divine beings, and rotated of their own accord. The scientific system, even the slightest, in these works could not be found. Therefore, the very personality of Giordano Bruno, a brief biography and his discoveries for children will only be understood in general terms.
It was not an empirically scientific worldview, butmystical, occult. No mathematics was found in his work on the infinity of worlds. That was the incrimination of Bruno by the Inquisition - heresy. Bruno was, from their point of view, not even a mere heretic, but an absolute heretic - par excellence.
Literature
But the writer Giordano Bruno was brilliant!His polemical works are dramatically constructed, written in the richest language, which can be completely subjected to philological analysis - both the Neapolitan dialect of Italian and Latin, which was equally used by Giordano Bruno. A brief biography and his discoveries speak of some impeccable prophetic knowledge, and even if it was not so, from an artistic point of view, this test greatly enriches and fascinates the reader.
Philosophy
The burden of the Catholic Dominican monk Bruno is longcould not resist, the trouble began immediately. The explosive temperament, the absence of humility, and later on the character unbearable to the last edge, falling into something like seizures with uncontrollable fury — this was what prevented Giordano Bruno throughout his life. The biography and its discoveries suffered from this fact a huge loss. Although, most of all, he was confronted with difficulties, not even disciplinary problems, but theoretical ones, that is, the monk's worldview was in no way connected with Catholic norms.
Собственная трактовка Пресвятой Троицы в своём, similar to the neoplatonic, spirit - it is strange not only for the Middle Ages, but also for modernity. True, now the Catholics do not burn the latter-day Giordano Bruno.
The biography briefly sounds like this:this is the same scientist who was burned. From Italy he had to flee, go to Calvinism, then - to Lutheranism. And everywhere they reject him, they drive him everywhere. And the new philosophy nowhere finds followers. This loneliness pursued him all his life. Few people got such a bleak biography of Giordano Bruno.
For what?
Even today, historical science does not givea definite answer to the question - why did the inquisitors Giordano Bruno burn down? The biography of answers gives a lot, but there is not a single documented evidence, scientific debates continue.
The fact is that Napoleon brought documentsGalileo and Bruno from Italy. Why - no one understood. But all the papers are gone, their trace is lost. There is indirect evidence, including records by Gaspar Shoppe - a Catholic, a publicist, a counterreformer.
Bruno went on trial for his work aboutthe multiplicity of worlds, for the justification of magic (Bruno considered himself a magician, spoke of "couplings", that is, contacts with demons, and his mnemonics clearly had a magical character, not medical). But the main thing is the interpretation of the Most Holy Trinity.
Когда Бруно писал о "душе мира", это ещё It took place as a Renaissance Neo-Platonism, but when I began to write and speak indecent about Christ, troubles began, and this is natural. It was from this that Giordano Bruno’s biography was so tragic.
More specifically, you can write the following:according to Bruno, Moses was a powerful magician, performed all sorts of miracles (which is also of exceptional magnitude heresy from the point of view of Christian dogmas); that even the Egyptians in magic Moses surpassed (and already in Egyptian magic Bruno is an unsurpassed expert); Christ was also a magician - but good and healing, and a magician in the Egyptian tradition.
Well, at least from which side you consider - and all thispure heresy. And most importantly: after all, he did not deny these heresies Giordano Bruno. Biography and philosophy merged together, adopting a tragic end on a bonfire in Rome.
Monument
The square where this medieval was burnedthe scientist, Campo dei Fiori, was decorated in 1889 with a monument, the establishment of which was an action of masons, where Giordano Bruno, a brief biography and his discoveries (photo of the monument is attached) were traditionally anti-Papa and anticlerical action. Pope Leo the Eighth even wanted to leave Rome as a protest, but he humbled himself and prayed all day to St. Peter in his opposition to this anti-church and anti-Christian action.
From this moment in Rome began the full dramaa cult where, according to the prescribed scenario, such a biography as Giordano Bruno is magnified. The photos show annual anticlerical gatherings on this square on February 17. And the concept of a vision of medieval events has changed quite a lot: Bruno, of course, is a heretic, but he rebelled against obscurantism, obscurantism, for the very best, that is, for freedom, for the future of humanity.
