Realism in literature is a direction, the main onea feature of which is a true picture of reality and its typical features without any distortions and exaggeration. This literary trend originated in the XIX century, and its adherents strongly opposed the sophisticated forms of poetry and use in the works of various mystical concepts.
Symptoms directions
Realism in the literature of the 19th century can be distinguished byclear signs. The main one is an artistic depiction of reality in familiar images for the average person, with whom he regularly encounters in real life. Reality in works is considered as a means of cognition by a person of the surrounding world and himself, and the image of each literary character is worked out in such a way that the reader can recognize himself, a relative, a colleague or an acquaintance in it.
In the novels and novels of realists, art remainslife-affirming, even if the plot is characterized by a tragic conflict. Another sign of this genre is the desire of writers to consider the surrounding reality in its development, with each writer trying to discover the emergence of new psychological, social and social relations.
Features of this literary trend
Realism in literature, which replaced romanticism, has signs of art seeking truth and finding it, seeking to transform reality.
Literary characters in the workswriters-realists made discoveries after long meditations and dreams, after analyzing subjective worldviews. This feature, which can be identified according to the author's perception of time, determined the distinguishing features of realistic literature of the beginning of the twentieth century from the traditional Russian classics.
Realism in XIX century
Such representatives of realism in literature asBalzac and Stendhal, Thackeray and Dickens, Sand Sand and Victor Hugo, in their works most clearly reveal the themes of good and evil, while avoiding abstract concepts and showing the real life of their contemporaries. These writers make it clear to readers that evil lies in the way of life of bourgeois society, capitalist reality, people's dependence on various material values. For example, in Dickens's novel Dombey and Son, the owner of the company was heartless and callous not by nature. Just such traits of character he appeared because of the large amount of money and ambition of the owner, for whom the main life achievement is profit.
Realism in literature is devoid of humor and sarcasm, andimages of characters are no longer the ideal of the writer himself and do not embody his cherished dreams. Of the works of the XIX century, the hero practically disappears, in the image of which the author's views are viewed. This situation is particularly evident in the works of Gogol and Chekhov.
However, the most clearly given literarydirection is manifested in the works of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, describing the world as they see it. This was expressed in the form of characters with their strengths and weaknesses, describing the mental agony of literary heroes, reminding readers about the harsh reality, to change that one person is impossible.
As a rule, realism in literature touched upon andthe fate of representatives of the Russian nobility, as can be judged from the works of IA Goncharov. Thus, the characters in his works remain contradictory. Oblomov is a sincere and gentle person, but because of his passivity he is not able to change life for the better. Similar qualities have another character in Russian literature - the weak-willed, but gifted Boris Raisky. Goncharov managed to create the image of an "anti-hero" typical for the XIX century, which was noticed by critics. As a result, the concept "Oblomovism" appeared, referring to all passive characters, the main features of which were laziness and lack of will.
