The play "Woe from Wit" is a famous work by A.S.Griboyedov. In the process of its creation, the author moved away from the classical canons of writing "high" comedy. Heroes in "Woe from Wit" are ambiguous and multifaceted images, and not caricature characters, endowed with one characteristic feature. This technique allowed Alexander Sergeevich to achieve tremendous likelihood in depicting the "picture of morals" of the Moscow aristocracy. Characteristics of representatives of such a society in the comedy "Woe from Wit" will be devoted to this article.
The problems of the play
В "Горе от ума" присутствуют два сюжетообразующих conflict. One of them concerns personal relationships of heroes. It involves Chatsky, Molchalin and Sofia. The other is a socio-ideological confrontation between the main character of the comedy and all the other characters in the play. Both story lines strengthen and complement each other. Without considering the love line, it is impossible to understand the characters, outlook, psychology and the relationship of the heroes of the work. However, the main, of course, is the social conflict. Chatsky and Famusov society oppose each other throughout the play.
"Portrait" of the heroes of comedy
The appearance of the comedy "Woe from Wit" caused a livelyresponse in the literary circles of the first half of the 19th century. And not always they were laudatory. For example, an old friend of Alexander Sergeevich - PA Katenin - reproached the author for saying that the characters in the play are too "portrait", that is, complex and multifaceted. However, Griboyedov, on the contrary, considered the realism of his characters the main advantage of the work. In reply to critical remarks, he replied that "... caricatures that distort real proportions in the guise of people are unacceptable ..." and claimed that in his comedy there is not one such. Having managed to make their heroes alive and believable, Griboyedov achieved an amazing satirical effect. Many people involuntarily recognized themselves in the comedy characters.
Representatives of Famus society
In response to comments about the imperfection of the "plan"his work Griboyedov said that in his play "25 fools for a sensible person." Thus, he spoke quite sharply about the capital elite. For all, it was obvious who the author portrayed under the guise of comedic characters. Alexander Sergeevich did not conceal his negative attitude to the FAMUS society and contrasted him with the only intelligent man - Chatsky. The rest of the actors in the comedy were typical images of that time: the well-known and influential Moscow "ace" (Famusov); a loud and stupid careerist martinet (Skalozub); quiet and dumb rascal (Molchalin); imperious, half-mad and very rich old woman (Khlestova); eloquent chatterbox (Repetilov) and many others. Famous society in comedy is colorful, diverse and absolutely unanimous in its resistance to the voice of reason. Let's consider the character of its brightest representatives in more detail.
Famusov: a convinced conservative
This hero is one of the most influentialpersons in Moscow society. He is a fierce opponent of everything new and believes that it is necessary to live in the same way as fathers and grandfathers bequeathed. Chatsky's utterances for him are the top of free-thinking and debauchery. And in ordinary human vices (drunkenness, lies, servility, hypocrisy), he sees nothing reprehensible. For example, he declares himself that "monastic is known for behavior," but before that he flirts with Lisa. For Famusov, the synonym for "vice" is "scholarship." Condemnation bureaucratic greed for him - and at all a sign of madness.
The question of service is the main one in the system of lifevalues of Famusov. In his opinion, any person should strive to make a career and thereby secure a high position in society. Chatsky for him - a man who is lost, because he ignores the generally accepted norms. But Molchalin and Skalozub are business, reasonable people. FAMUSOV SOCIETY is an environment in which Petr Afanasievich feels fulfilled. He is the embodiment of what Chatsky condemns in people.
MOLCHALIN: a wordless careerist
If Famusov in the play is a representative of the "century""Alexei Stepanovich belongs to the younger generation, but his ideas about life coincide completely with the views of Pyotr Afanasyevich.Molchalin makes his way" into people "with enviable persistence, in accordance with the laws dictated by the FAMUS society, he does not belong to the nobility. His trump cards are "moderation" and "neatness", as well as lackey servility and limitless hypocrisy. "Alexei Stepanovich is very dependent on public opinion." The famous remark about evil tongues that are "worse than a pistol" prin lies just for him, his insignificance and lack of principle are obvious, but this does not prevent him from making a career. In addition, thanks to his boundless pretense, Alexei Stepanovich becomes a happy rival of the main hero in love. "Molchalin prevails in the world!" notes Chatsky bitterly. Famusov society, he can only put his own wit.
Khlestov: tyranny and ignorance
This is a colorful character from the Catherine's era.A witty and imperious lady-serfress, who does not hide her disgust for enlightenment and education. From nothing to do, she drags along to the receptions "Arapka girl and doggy." Khlestov likes young Frenchmen and helpful persons like Molchalin. Infinite tyranny is her life credo. Who is rich, that's right, she believes. Personal merits have no value at all.
Skalozub: an enviable groom
This hero is the embodiment of ignorance andstupidity. He was a rough soldier who "did not pronounce the words of the wise". However, Famusov does not want another daughter of his daughter. Still would! With a relatively short lifespan, Skalozub already "marks the generals" and also the "golden bag". Famusovskoe society demonstratively does not want to notice the roughness and coarseness of the colonel. "Scholarship" of this character does not "frost." From his point of view, military drill is much more useful than any books there. Skazoloz are interested only in reasoning about "pounds and ranks".
Zagoretsky: the rogue and the sharper
This person, despite the disgustingreputation, quietly takes into its ranks FAMUSOVO society. All despised Zagoretsky - "master of service", so his leprosy is looked through. The fact that he is a "liar", "a thief" and a "gambler", is openly spoken. However, it can not do without it.
Repetilov: the confidant of "noisy" secrets
This is an interesting hero, which allowsto draw a conclusion about Griboyedov's negative attitude toward ideological "hollows" that made "conspiratorial" activity a form of secular pastime. In words of Repetilov, a fan of "learning". However, he himself admits that with pleasure he would have made a career, but "met with failure". FAMUSOV SOCIETY does not see a particular threat from the chatter of a "noisy" conspirator. Despite the fact that Repetilov loudly declares that he and Chatsky have "the same tastes", in fact, he is also a secular voiceless person, like everyone else.
Inheritable characters
Famus society, whose characteristicsis the subject of this article, is not limited to the persons involved in the action. In the comedy between the case mentioned a lot of people, which the audience will never be presented. Inheritable characters are "invisible" participants in a social conflict. They have a special function: with their help, the author was able to expand the scope of the work, so to speak, to bring the story behind the scene. Without playing any specific role in the plot, the extra-personal characters are inextricably linked with the defenders of the "past century" or, conversely, with representatives of the "present century". It is these invisible heroes that give an idea of the split of Russian society into two unequal halves. Most of them are ideologists, who were warmed by Famusov's society. "Woe from Wit" demonstrates the moral inconsistency of their views. In the smaller - people like Chatsky. He is not alone at all. The brother of Skalozub, the nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, Prince Grigory, the "Petersburg" professors, who studied the main character, and so on, are included in the camp of scholars of truth-lovers. Famusov's guests consider them impractical madmen.
Author's Remarks
In "Woe from Wit" by A.S.Griboyedov actively uses remarks to convey the indifference, which responds to Chatsky's words FAMUSOVO society. Characteristics of the heroes of the comedy, their replicas are accompanied by the dispassionate remarks of the author. For example, during a dialogue with Alexander Andreevich, Famusov "does not see or hear anything." During the ball, when Chatsky pronounces an accusatory monologue, condemning "alien fashion", the guests "swirl in a waltz with the greatest zeal" or "dispersed to card tables." The situation of fake "deafness" strengthens the comic effect of the work, and also emphasizes the degree of mutual misunderstanding and alienation between the conflicting parties.
Conclusion
Таким образом, коллективным персонажем и главным The ideological opponent of Chatsky is Famusov's society. "Woe from Wit" shows readers the way of life and mores of the Moscow aristocracy, who lived in the second half of the 1810s. These people are united by conservative views and primitive practical morality. Their main goal is "and take awards, and have fun". Chatsky and Famusov society are at different poles of moral self-consciousness. For Moscow aristocrats, "scholarship" is identified with freethinking and insanity. For Chatsky, the morality of "obedience and fear" is a fragment of the past century, a disgusting prejudice alien to every normal person. In this confrontation everyone has his own truth.
Нравственная глухота фамусовского общества brilliantly demonstrated in the play "Woe from Wit". Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich entered the history of Russian literature as the author of one of the most topical and realistic works of his time. Many aphorisms from this comedy are very relevant today.
