Comfortable life is impossible to imaginewithout a toilet, and its necessity is due, first of all, to the presence of a toilet in it. The heart of this device is the drainage system for the toilet. The basis of this system is the drain tank. Usually it is in the same complex with a toilet bowl or can be mounted on a wall. If a drainage device for the toilet bowl breaks down, an emergency on a local scale may occur, as a result of which the apartment, as well as neighbors' apartments, may be flooded. You can, of course, call plumbing, but, firstly, this is not a cheap pleasure, and secondly, a man can enjoy the repair himself.
Principle of operation of the drain mechanism
The main difference of a toilet bowl from a pot or boardThe toilet is in the presence of a drain system. Water on a flexible hose gets into the toilet bowl, in which there are special mechanisms - filling and draining. With the help of the filling mechanism water accumulates in the tank up to the upper level, after which the supply valve closes.
The drainage device for the toilet bowl beginsbe activated when the button is pressed on this device, or by lowering the circuit, mainly in older toilet models. This mechanism starts flushing - a large flow of water enters the bowl of the toilet, washing almost everything into the sewer pipe.
The mechanism of the tank with the button is the operation of two systems: by the water set and by its drainage.
The water in the drain tank is supplied by means of an armature (it is called all the insides of the drain tank), which can be located on the top or bottom of the tank.
Water comes from the side in the event that the armatureis located on top. The float is located on the end of the lever. As soon as it reaches a predetermined level, the opposite end of the lever presses on the rod that blocks the water supply.
In the case of a lower feed, the float moves along thevertical stock. The locking membrane acts due to movement of the float due to the thrust acting as a regulator of the water level in the tank. In this case, the set of water in the tank is felt more quietly compared to the previous method.
Major breakdowns and repair
The most common failures arethe following: excess water in the flush tank, slow water supply, breakage of the float arms; for the drainage mechanism is a water retention in the tank. The last breakdown is due to the fact that water can be passed by the overflow valve, or as a result of overflow.
Repair of the drain tank with the button is carried out independing on the cause of the failure. When the membrane is clogged and the water is slowly supplied, the water supply hole must be cleaned of debris. It is necessary to carefully dismantle the membrane mechanism, and then assemble, so that no spare parts remain. This work is carried out by nippers or pliers.
If there is too much water in the reservoir, thenAdjust the water level in the drain tank, depending on the way the water is supplied. At the top feed, the level is adjusted by unscrewing the nut of the lever and lowering its side with the float. At the bottom feed, the level is set by rotating the plastic screw rod. At the same time, it is necessary to observe the float to lower it.
In the event of breakage of the levers float occursthe need to replace the entire mechanism of this device. Some models of toilet bowls inside the float is hollow and filled with air. In this case, if water gets inside the pear, this will lead to the need to change the entire locking device. In other models of toilet bowls, the float is an inverted cup, the main problem of which is overgrowing with dirt that just needs to be removed.
Если вода не удерживается в сливном бачке в as a result of transmission by a shut-off valve, it is necessary to check the membrane and it is best to replace it, because it is a bottleneck in the float system. If everything is in order with the membrane, then it is necessary to raise the drain valve in the toilet with the cisterns and remove the garbage and sediment. Replacing the rubber membrane is carried out by dismantling the upper part of the drain tank. In case of overflow of water it is necessary to adjust its level. To do this, raise it with an adjusting screw or rail not higher than the side hull holes with the installation of a float so that the water is below the overflow level. If there are no such holes, then you need to focus on the body of the drain mechanism - the water should slightly close it.
Details of the toilet drainage system
In the toilet with cisterns there is a pressure valve.
It is designed to fill the water level in the tank after the drain mechanism is triggered. The composition of the filling valve includes a float. The shut-off valve closes the opening only at the end of the water supply.
The next spare part for the toilet - overflow and flush systems.
Toilet sink systems vary according toon which toilet is used - with a button or with a flush as a result of lever operation. In the second case, an airtight pear is placed in the drain tank, closing the drain hole upon completion of the drain. In modern toilet bowls with cisterns in which there is a button, fittings associated with filling and overflow systems are provided. In the new toilet, there are 2 buttons to save water, one of which makes a small flush, and the other - a big one. The fittings of the drainage device for the toilet cistern include rubber gaskets and plastic elements, therefore, if necessary, it can be replaced completely or by spare parts for the toilet bowl for a given area.
In order to prevent overflow, the drain mechanism is connected to the overflow. With too much water, it goes directly into the sewer.
Installing a flushing cistern
For the implementation of this operation will need several tools: a screwdriver, keys: horn, special and adjustable, as well as gloves. Installation of the tank is carried out in several stages:
- The washer is fastened on the tank mounting screw.
- The centering washer is tensioned until it comes into contact with the metal washer.
- After that, the screw securing the tank is placed in the mounting hole.
- On the screw outside the tank is placed gasket, a nut, and between them - a metal washer.
- The nut is tightened with an open-end wrench, after which we repeat paragraphs. 1-5 for the second attachment.
- Place the drain valve screw in the tank opening.
- We press the drain valve to the tank from the inside or make a pulling movement for the screw of the drain valve.
- We first screw the nut manually, then using a special wrench.
- The sealing ring on both sides has a protective film that needs to be removed, then attach the sealing ring to the tank.
- We put on a plastic washer and rubber gasket on the float valve, which fits in a special hole designed for it.
- After that, the valve is fixed, the nut is tightened.
- Install the tank on the shelf of the toilet, installation begins with the insertion of screws into the holes on this shelf.
- On the screw fit the gasket, metal washerand a wing nut, after which the latter is tightened. The nut must not be overtightened, as this may result in the tank's skewing and breaking the shelf. It is better not to loosen it, and if there is a leak, then pull up slowly.
- On top of the cistern a cap is installed.
- A flush button is installed in the hole on this cover.
If the toilet is a two-button, you need to install a small button in such a way that the small valve works when it is pressed, the large one - large.
Forms of release of the toilet system
The system of toilet sinks can be produced in three forms:
- Vertical release - used previously. To the riser sewer tap was located at the neighbors below, under their ceiling.
- Horizontal release - appeared relativelyrecently. The main advantage is complex sealing. The toilet can be installed directly to the stand, the release of the toilet can be inserted into the tee on the stand.
- Oblique release is the most common form.Through the use of corrugations, which are plastic pipes with seals, a toilet with a horizontal outlet is connected to an inclined socket.
Under the condition of non-reworking of the sewer system in a house or apartment, it is necessary to select a form of toilet bowl outlet that will correspond to the shape of the socket.
Types of drainage system
This system is divided into circular andback. With the rear drainage, the water from the tank goes in one stream along the back wall of the toilet bowl, creating a strong flow of water that cleans the place of pollution, however splashes fall on the front surface of the toilet bowl, which must be removed using special chemicals.
With a circular drain, the water in the toilet comes fromholes, located in a circle bowl, the entire surface is washed, but the back wall may remain partially contaminated. Managers of trading rooms often offer a circular system, but the choice of a drain is yours.
In addition, drainage systems are in the form of a bell, using corrugations or pears.
The bell is a heavy cork made of cast iron withlaying on the bottom wall. Basically characteristic of the tanks, in which the tank itself is made of cast iron and is connected to a pipe made of steel, suitable for a toilet bowl. Inside the tank there is a lever with a chain on one side, and the opposite lever arm is used as a mechanism that lifts the bell. While raising the plug, water rushes into the drain pipe, when lowering the plug, the water creates some vacuum in the upper part of the tube.
The main problems of draining when usingthe bells are accumulations of rust and other deposits formed over the years inside the overflow, which reduce the effectiveness of flushing (eliminating the annealing of the bell on an open fire with shaking scale and replacing the gaskets), as well as the deformation of the rubber gasket, as a result of which it loses its elasticity and requires replacement 1 once in 1,5-2 years.
Work when using flutes is toNext: the rope is located on the corrugation lever, the latter bends and the water is sucked. When you release the rope, the corrugation keeps tilting until the water is completely drained from the tank. The main problem lies in the fact that in a bend of the corrugation in a few years begins to leak, so it must be replaced. This is a simple operation, if the drain pipe is plastic and quite complicated, if the pipe is steel, so under the tank during the replacement of the corrugations you need to go with a tap.
In those drain systems that are used inmodern cisterns, used pear, located in the saddle. When you press the button on the toilet, it raises the stem upwards the pear rises from the saddle and a passage opens to the water. The saddle may be contaminated with sand or slag (cleaning is necessary). The pear is made from rubber or rubber gasket. Over time, this material loses its elasticity and requires replacement.
Types of water mirrors
There are the following types of water mirrors:
- Front mirror In front of it is a visor with a counter-slope, in which a small portion of water is located. The disadvantage is an unpleasant smell.
- It is with a sloping descent. Advantages - there is no unpleasant smell, the minimum number of splashes.
- Воронкообразная чаша - зеркало находится in the middle. Here a splash is potentially possible when using a toilet bowl with such a bowl, which causes splashes that can get onto the body. The drains linger, the smell is not very pleasant.
Classification toilet cisterns
Tanks are classified by a number of signs.
- By type of descent device - lever and push-buttonwith a variety of placement of the above elements. Usually installed on top in the middle of the tank, but can be installed on the side of the wall. Drain the water by turning the chain down. Also, the button can be installed above the toilet, but at the top.
- By installation method:the tank can be installed in the wall, which requires the reorganization of at least one wall; the tank may hang from above the toilet - although this method is considered obsolete, the demand for such models is still present, such toilet bowls are suitable for retro-style toilet rooms; the tank is on the shelf of the toilet bowl - a traditional style of toilet bowls, allowing for quick and timely repairs.
- By production material:cast-iron tanks - reliable, but not very aesthetic; faience tanks - the most common option in this group with different colors; plastic tanks - designed primarily because of the light weight for mounting in the wall.
- According to the type of the trigger mechanism: manual system - the tank valve opens at will of the user; mechanical system - adjustment is carried out without user intervention.
The economic cost of spare parts for toilet
The main parts of the toilet bowl are the drain tank and fittings.
Currently produced tanks made ofporcelain and plastic, ceiling and floor, different in size and shape. The price of drain tanks can vary in very large limits - from 2000-2500 rubles and up to amounts exceeding hundreds of thousands of rubles. As with any other products sold through a retail distribution network, the price largely depends on the manufacturer.
As already noted, fittings are also an important spare part besides the cistern. The price for it ranges from 500 to 1200 rubles.
The single-mode drain button costs about 400-500 rubles, the covers for the tank - 800-1100 rubles.
Finally
There are many drainage systems for the toilet.When choosing a toilet bowl and its drainage system, it is necessary to be guided by many factors, including price, room space, aesthetic perception and the ability to repair the mechanism.
