One of the favorite plants of gardeners israspberries. To get a good harvest, during the entire period of vegetation you need to properly care for the plant. In spring and autumn, a whole complex of procedures is required for the successful cultivation of raspberries.
Raspberry for health
Raspberry has not only excellent tastequality, but also rich in vitamins. This plant can be used to treat a variety of diseases: everyone knows about the magic properties of jam from these berries. From the raspberry leaves make useful vitamin teas, which help to strengthen the immune system. In them, as well as in berries, contains many useful microelements, vitamins.
Raspberries are able to lower body temperature,reduce headache, remove toxins. They help to strengthen immunity, give strength. Drinks from them are recommended for neuroses, depressions. Raspberry tea helps to fall asleep. In folk medicine, flowers of this plant are also used.
The leaves are used to treat kidney problems, as well as vitamin doses, as a general restorative. Decoctions of leaves help to normalize the work of the digestive tract.
Planting, transplanting bushes
The best time for planting and transplanting raspberry bushes is spring. The results of harvesting are influenced by the following factors:
- Quality of planting material. It is very important that the seedlings are healthy and sufficiently developed. They should have a root system about fifteen centimeters.
- Правильно подобранный участок.For the successful cultivation of raspberry it is necessary to select a site that is protected from drafts and direct sunlight. A good option is to land on loamy, sandy loamy land with a high level of humidity.
- Proper soil preparation.Before planting it is important to properly prepare the soil. Regardless of the method of planting, the place where raspberries are planned to be grown should be fertilized. For this, mineral and organic top dressings are applied. In such a soil, the plant will receive all the necessary substances.
- Timing of landing. Repair varieties are recommended to plant in March-April before the beginning of vegetation. More precise planting periods are determined for each region separately and depend on climatic conditions.
In spring, for the successful cultivation of raspberries, pruning and tying the bushes are necessary.
Garter and pruning plants
Spring pruning of bushes consists of two stages. At the first removal of weak, heavily frozen, damaged branches is carried out. If the bushes are strongly thickened, then thinning is carried out.
When growing raspberriesit is necessary to ensure an optimum density of no more than twenty-five vines per running meter. When bush cultivation - no more than twelve shoots. After thinning, plantings start to receive more light and nutrients. Initially, those shoots whose stems are damaged by the pest are removed. On bare shoots, which do not yet have foliage, it is easy to locate the larvae of the cauline gall midges: they look like swellings under the stem.
At the second stage, when growing and caring forraspberries cut all branches. The tops are cut to the first kidney, which overwintered well. Even the frost-free tops must be removed. This method stimulates formation and fruiting.
With proper pruning, the plant will please a strong crop.
It is very important to spend a garter of shoots.Care and cultivation of raspberry raspberry means a garter to the trellis of branches. It is recommended that the pillars for the support be slaughtered at the edges and in the central part of each row, and wire is stretched between them. The height of the top cross-beam should be no more than a meter, and the bottom - about sixty centimeters. Each vine is tied to the crossbeams in two places. For this purpose, use hemp twine or a soft cloth. The tied bush should be placed vertically, without falling over.
As a support, you can use stakes. They are driven between plants and tied with whips from two neighboring bushes. This method does not obscure the bushes and facilitates the collection of fruits.
Top dressing in the spring
On the advice of seasoned gardeners, care and cultivation of raspberries assume correct and timely feeding. This is done according to the following scheme:
- The first fertilizing is carried out with nitrogen fertilizers.Fifteen grams of urea is introduced into the newly thawed earth. To avoid the effect of acidification during the application of nitrogen, under each bush is recommended to make a glass of wood ash. You can use potassium fertilizer in place of saltpeter, in which there is nitrogen. You can use complex top dressing, mixing in equal parts nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. For top dressing take a hundred grams of the mixture and divorce in a bucket of water.
- After top dressing, mulching is carried out.
- In May, the feeding of raspberries is carried out by the solution of the mullein. Five hundred grams of manure are taken for its preparation and poured into a bucket of water. Five liters of a mixture are needed per square meter.
Organic nutrition
Most gardeners prefer to feed bushes with organic fertilizers. For this purpose, apply:
- Mullein. He is bred at a rate of 1 to 10.
- A solution of rabbit or goat litter. For its preparation it is necessary to take one part of the manure and pour ten parts of water.
- Mortar of bird droppings. It is prepared in the ratio 1 to 20.
- Herbal tincture.Good results show the use of tincture of comfrey, nettle. For cooking, you need a kilogram of fresh herbs to pour a bucket of hot water and insist for a week. Then a liter of infusion is bred in ten liters of water and watered raspberries. To feed one bush, you need two liters of the composition.
On the advice of seasoned gardeners, care and cultivation of raspberries provide for the spring processing of the plants themselves and the soil.
Soil treatment
In the spring it is necessary to carry out soil treatment underbushes of repair raspberry. Care and cultivation of such varieties provide mulching with a thick layer. Before this process, loosening to a depth of up to ten centimeters is mandatory, the plants are watered abundantly.
It is impossible to dredge the ground in the spring, as it is possible to damage the roots. This is due to the fact that they lie at a depth of about thirty centimeters. Dumping of soil is possible only in the autumn season.
Mulching helps to prevent depletion of the land, and also to keep under the bushes moisture. It can not be carried out for too wet types of soil. In such places, loosen and fertilize.
As you know, the root system is stronglygrows, there is a seizure of new territories remontantnoy raspberry. Care and cultivation of this type of plant involves the construction of fencing: you can dig into the ground sliced slate sheets to a depth of at least half a meter. Thanks to such an obstacle, the plant will not go beyond the raspberry field and will always remain in the allotted area.
Pest control methods
From early spring, you must begin to carry outprocessing of bushes from pests. At this time, they make it from the raspberry beetle, gall midge, weevil, stem fly. With timely removal of dry leaves and branches can partially solve the problem of pests.
To prevent the multiplication of the pest in the new year, it is necessary to treat the bushes from the early spring, preferably before budding.
Features of growing raspberries suggesttreatment Bordeaux fluid. To get rid of the raspberry beetle, they are treated with Nitrafen solution diluted at the rate of two hundred milliliters per bucket of water. The solution of "Fufanon" helps to cope with gallfly. For processing prepare a solution of fifteen milliliters of the drug, diluted in a bucket of water.
In early May, the bushes must be treated with "Fitoverm". He is bred in accordance with the instructions.
Summer care for raspberries
В летние месяцы выращивание ремонтантной малины provides for timely watering, weeding, loosening between the rows. Be sure that throughout the entire growing season, extra shoots are removed, and only a small number of young plants are left to be used as seedlings.
During the summer, the raspberry jam is processed twice with fungicides. The first treatment is carried out during the flowering period, and the second - after its completion.
Watering
Raspberry growing tips and careinclude proper watering. It depends on what will be the harvest and what will be the berries. The irrigation schedule depends on the air temperature, as well as on the intensity and frequency of the precipitation. Most of all raspberries need water during a period when mass flowering occurs, fruit set and ripening. In dry times, the plant suffers from a lack of moisture and can reduce the yield by several times.
In the last summer month and in the beginning of autumn there is enough moisture, so watering is reduced.
When growing raspberries from seeds or otherbest methods to use drip irrigation. Late autumn irrigation is carried out by sprinkling or watering furrows. And that, and another method helps to charge the soil with moisture.
Autumn sprinkling helps protect bushes fromfrosts, but also this method can lead to the development of diseases that are dangerous for ripening berries. Increased humidity not only worsens the state of the root system, but also negatively affects the quality of the fruit, reduces immunity, and provokes secondary growth.
Autumn care
All raspberry varieties cultivated in the garden need autumn care. After the last harvest is removed, the final treatment is carried out from pests and bushes are prepared for wintering.
With the beginning of leaf fall, all weakened shoots are necessarily removed. All culled stems are cut to the very root, at the same time they dig out all overgrown young shoots.
Autumn harvested mulch or carry out diggingto a depth of no more than fifteen centimeters. Before you carry out the digging of the soil, be sure to make phosphate and potash fertilizers at the rate of eight grams per square meter. It is useful to carry out alternation of mineral and organic fertilizers: in the autumn they bring organic matter, and in the spring, the next year - mineral substances.
Preparation for wintering
To get as in the photo raspberries, growingrequires special preparation for wintering. In late September, while the vines are still flexible, they should be bent to the ground. After the snow falls, the vine should be completely under it. Thus it is possible to protect the bushes from frosting. If in the growing region there are severe frosts without snow, then it is worth covering the bushes. This is done on the same principle as for rose bushes.
Features care for different varieties
When growing raspberries from seeds, you can get completely new varieties.
Breeders use seed propagation to obtain new plant species. Each new variety has its own peculiarities of care.
Raspberry Cumberland does not like excessive levelshumidity: otherwise she develops anthracnose. You can grow this variety in the same place for eight years. For reproduction using seeds, cuttings, layering.
The popular raspberry tarusa, or raspberry tree,grown without support. So that it grows like a tree, pinch the top of the branches. This variety loves light, frequent irrigation, loose soil with a large number of trace elements and minerals. At the end of July, all branches that have been hatched are removed, and the formation of a bush is carried out at the end of September.
Variety Hercules prefers sunny areas.Powerful bushes require space and good ventilation, so they are planted at intervals of at least eighty centimeters, and between rows should be at least one and a half meters. The grade is exacting to top dressings, waterings. After collecting the berries, the aerial part is cut off at the root. This makes it possible to get a big harvest in the future season.
