If you need something to glue, firstremember the most common glue for glue. It is available in every home and office, it is used not only for gluing ordinary paper, but also in construction and industry. And this is due to its simple composition, allowing to change the application of the introduction of special additives.
A bit of history
Back in 1912, the German Klatt managed out of gasacetylene get vinyl acetate. The new substance became sticky as a result of polymerization. But just before World War II, American Farben established industrial production of PVA glue.
Four years later, Korean, conducting independentresearch receives vinalon, which is based on polyvinyl alcohol. Since PVA glue, the price of which is less than many other adhesives, has spread around the world.
On the territory of the former Soviet Union tomass production of PVA started in the early seventies of the twentieth century in the city of Severodonetsk (Lugansk region). Our grandmothers still remember that earlier in schools, at work lessons, they used glue with the unusual name “gum arabic” to glue paper. And in the difficult post-war years they prepared glue from starch or boiled potatoes at home.
And now we can’t imagine how to do without PVA glue.
PVA glue: characteristics
This is a wonderful and familiar tool.possesses many valuable properties. Its adhesive ability is 450 N / m. Due to its elasticity and uniformity, it is applied in a thin layer, which becomes invisible after drying. Paper glued by PVA can be easily bent, after drying it does not break.
A huge plus is non-toxicity andincombustibility that allows it to apply to children in the classroom and at home. The slight odor of glue is harmless. All types of glue, except PVA-K (clerical), can withstand a fourfold freeze without losing properties. If necessary, it is diluted with water or other solvents, for example, acetone. Drying time depends on the layer thickness and does not exceed 24 hours.
Its liquid base allows you to enter various additives in the PVA glue, the composition of which changes in this way in the right direction. So were developed new varieties of the usual glue.
PVA Varieties
Thanks to additives, the scope of application of PVA glue has expanded.
We list the main areas of use:
- domestic use (pasting stationery);
- use for repairs (wallpapering, linoleum);
- installation of ceramic tiles;
- use in construction as additives.
Description of types of glue
PVA office glue, whose composition is notcontains toxic additives, used for bonding paper, children's creativity. Due to the absence of other solvents other than water, it is harmless to children and can be used indoors without extracts.
The most common grade of PVA is universal.It has an extensive scope of application. They can glue porcelain, glass and paper. It is added to the primer, putty in the repair of premises to enhance binding properties.
Household PVA is used for pasting wallpaper, thick paper. It has a high frost resistance.
PVA Super Glue has a viscous consistency due to plasticizers, therefore it is used for fixing tiles, plastic, metal. Its main use is the construction industry.
PVA joiner's glue possesses the increased moisture resistance and is used for connection of wooden products.
Еще один вид популярного клея — ПВА "Момент".It is characterized by its property of instant gluing of surfaces without force, pressing. It can be used for fixing laminate, parquet and other surfaces.
Features of some grades of PVA
Строительный ПВА применяется не только как independent adhesive compound, but also as an additive to various construction materials. The correct name for the construction glue is homopolymer polyvinyl acetate dispersion. Due to the density of the composition, construction glue is applied with a spatula. And the surfaces to be glued must be thoroughly cleaned from dust and degreased.
PVA glue, whose composition includes a plasticizer,should not be cooled below zero degrees, otherwise it loses its properties. At the same time, glue that does not contain such additives can withstand frost forty degrees, without losing its adhesive properties after thawing. If a dried film forms on the surface of the glue mass, then it must be removed and the mass thoroughly mixed. To prevent the glue from drying out, it is stored in a carefully closed container.
PVA glue: composition
Consider the main components that are added to the glue to change its adhesive properties. This raw material is added to the production stages and is divided into the following groups:
- adhesives;
- solvents;
- plasticizers;
- fillers;
- hardeners;
- stabilizers.
The ratio of the above components and gives the necessary properties of different types of glue.
Adhesives, which include starch and resin, give the composition strength when combined.
Acetone, gasoline and others are used as solvents. Strengthening water resistance and heat resistance, they reduce the strength of the adhesive layer. Therefore, the solvent content in PVA is minimal.
So-called plasticizers give flexibility to adhesive joints. Therefore, paper glued with PVA can be easily bent without breaking the joint. Plasticizers include glycerin, camphor oil.
To improve the strength of the adhesive mass, fillers are added: kaolin, talc, chalk.
To reduce the time of hardening and curing, use small additives glass, porcelain or metal.
To increase the shelf life of the adhesive, stabilizers are added to its composition, which include styrene inhibitors and various nitro compounds.
PVA glue, the price of which depends on the destination andthe presence of certain components, is still recognized as the cheapest and most affordable. Construction glue costs from 26 rubles per kilogram. It is more suitable for wallpapering. Universal PVA glue of "Rainbow" and "Bolars" brands will cost more - from 65 rubles per kilogram.
Original ways of using PVA
In addition to the usual methods of using PVA glue for gluing paper or during repairs, craftsmen find it more original application.
For example, by combining gouache and PVA, you can draw oncanvas or other surfaces. It turns out a great alternative to expensive oil or acrylic paints. Thanks to glue, gouache fits well on the material, keeps for a long time. If you do not like the result, then everything is easily washed off, and you can start over.
Women use glue for manicure.It can be applied to the nails as the basis for a varnish with sparkles. Due to its non-toxicity, it is harmless to nails and at the same time is easily removed without the use of solvents.
If you apply glue to the cuticle around the nail, then you can not be afraid that the varnish gets on the skin. A strip of glue with residual varnish is instantly removed after drying.
Storage conditions
For the storage of PVA glue, whose composition complements volatile solvents, closed containers are used, which are kept at a temperature of from five to ten degrees Celsius.
