Kolomna diesel locomotive plant startedproduction of diesel locomotive TEP70 in the seventies of the last century. Prior to this, the basic basis for the modification of TEP60 was used. The update is associated with an increase in the requirements for higher power and speed. The combine, oriented to the development of diesel locomotives and turbine analogues, experimented with two-sectional variations, but their maintenance and operation proved to be unprofitable. Consider the characteristics and features that the diesel locomotive TEP70, intended for passenger transport, as well as its modifications, has.
History of creation
For design features and designTEP70 diesel locomotive was answered by a group of engineers headed by Yu. Khlebnikov. The first car was built in the summer of 1973. The locomotive received the index 0001. In the next two years, versions 0002, 0003, 0004 were manufactured. The trial lot of diesel locomotives was sent to the sections of the Belarusian Railways. There they underwent operational testing. In 1977-78 the next generation of locomotives with numbers 0005, 0006, 0007 comes out.
The car body is made of steellow alloy and aluminum alloy. Its construction is of a truss-diagonal, bearing type. The hull resting on working carts is carried out through a pair of pendulum central supports with polymer shock absorbers and four spring screw cylinders on the sides. The diameter of the wheelset wheels rolling became more than that of the predecessor, and amounted to 1220 millimeters in a circle.
Development
Passenger locomotive TEP70 differed fromprevious models of structural features and new capabilities of the power unit. It is accepted to subdivide the considered locomotives into the following categories:
- Experienced specimens under the code 0001-0007.
- Serial models (0008-0185).They received a vertical arrangement of light elements and riveted bodywork. Initially, the windshield was not equipped with a vertical jumper, consisted of two parts glued together. After the thirtieth series, this design was abandoned, since the knot, giving a crack, lost its tightness.
- The following modifications are 0186-0576. This locomotive TEP70 was equipped with horizontal lanterns, as well as a mixed connection of body panels.
Before the series at number 300, consideredLocomotives were equipped with interconnection sockets. In the future, such nodes were not mounted, because they no longer needed. As the last example of operation it is possible to cram the passenger locomotive on the Southern Railway (a section in the Poltava area between Kiev and Kharkov). This was due to the lack of electrification of the distillation at that time.
Structural features
The machine in question is very similar topredecessor (TEP60). The locomotive is equipped with a load-bearing body, a three-axis trolley and a frame support. In the arrangement there is an Alstom type system, which includes a hollow shaft that rigidly aggregates with the power plant, its inner part passes through the axis of the wheel pair, and the wheels themselves interact with each other by means of rubber and metal leashes.
Работа машиниста тепловоза этой серии включает в self maintenance and inspection of a pair of fans of the refrigeration unit. The locomotive differs from previous models in the presence of electric transmission and a more powerful power unit on diesel fuel. It is equipped with two operating cycles, a large number of cylinders and an intermediate cooling system. The engine output increased to 4 thousand horsepower, and the design of the main elements is similar to the diesel locomotives 2TE-116 and TEM7.
Diesel unit 5-D-49 leads to activationa pair of oil and water pumps. They are divided into the first and second circuits, and also equipped with additional units with a generator and exciter of a synchronous type. The transfer of the main moment is carried out through the elastic coupling and stator stars of the generator. Voltage in the working circuit is equal to 110 volts, rectification of alternating current is carried out by an adjustable exciter. As the control unit acts as an excitation unit, which aggregates with the rotor part.
Other equipment
The design of the locomotive TEP70 providesthe presence of an alternating voltage generator with a rectifier. The device is made of diodes, six parallel connected traction motors. Voltage is supplied via the contactors. In addition, the power circuit is equipped with a pneumatic reverser, loosening the contacts, which makes it possible to obtain two positions for reducing excitation.
The reversal system of locomotive TEP70 is undercontrol of the operator, and other contactors are activated by means of an automatic system by means of a step-by-step relay. The electronic excitation unit regulates the voltage of the traction generator, the load of the diesel unit. This is possible thanks to inductive indicators, which track a number of additional parameters.
Additional systems
The auxiliary units include the installationcentral air supply, compressor unit, a pair of refrigeration fans. The ventilation system includes an axial propeller equipped with fixed blade-type guides and rectifying elements. The system provides air for six traction engines. The motor compressor of type PK-5,25 С has a speed of rotation of 1450 rpm, it is mounted on the analogues TGM-6, TEM7 and DE-1. On the machine in question, it is equipped with an electric drive.
The power of this motor is fromstarter generator, which has a nominal voltage of 110 V. The water in the system is cooled by passing through the refrigerator with fans. Propeller installations are rotated by means of hydraulic motors with nine cylinders. They are fed with low viscosity oil, which is supplied at a pressure of 220 kg / sq. see The required conditions are created by the action of a pair of hydraulic pumps. This design is almost identical to the TEP60 system.
Description of the workplace
The diesel locomotive with electric transmission TEP70 is equipped withThe cabin, which differs significantly from the cabin of the predecessor. The hand brake is located on the rear wall, which allows you to equip a full panel in the form of a table that has a special projection for mounting the searchlight box. The controller with the steering wheel is located directly in front of the driver. This allows you to control both hands.
The engine compartment of the locomotive is quite spacious,in it the high-voltage chamber behind the first cabin, and also ВУ, ВВ, ЦВС, the diesel installation and the traction generator is located. On the reverse side of the diesel, there is an installation of pneumatic and hydraulic pumps.
Refrigeration device includescompressor motor, oil filter elements, blowing agent, pump for pumping oil. When the system is operating, the air is sucked by the diesel engine through the louvers provided in the upper part of the cabin. It is fed through mesh cassettes, the lower part of which is immersed in an oil bath, and the main airflow is on top. The correct work of the cells is provided by a pneumatic unit that changes the angle by 45 degrees per turn. When the compressor motor is switched on, the system is activated automatically.
Characteristics of diesel locomotive TEP70
Below are the main parameters of the technical plan:
- The total curb weight is 135 tons.
- The power of the rheostat brake is 3200 kW.
- The axial load on rails is 21 tons.
- The length is 21.7 m.
- Diesel locomotive TEP70 - 2A-5D-49 with a capacity of 4 thousand horsepower with electric transmission of alternating-direct current.
- The thrust force when driving from a place is 280 kN.
- Cruising speed - 50 km / h.
- The size of the wheels is 1.22 m in diameter.
- The total thrust at a speed of 120 km / h - 68 kN (17000 kg).
Modifications
Kolomna diesel locomotive plant producedseveral improved variations of the locomotive in question. Among them: TEP70U and TEP70BS. From the basic model of the car differ advanced body shape, the equipment of a microprocessor diagnostic unit, the placement of sand bins and some small parts.
70U and BS differ from each other in thatThe last sample provides electrical heating of the composition. It is used in certain areas, where special throttling transformers are provided, allowing the use of a current of great strength, without affecting the insulating joints of the rails.
On the basis of ТЭП70 a cargo analogue 2ТЭ70 was created.It is equipped with a pair of sections with six axes. All major nodes are unified with passenger options. The main purpose - the movement of commodity trains weighing up to 60 thousand tons. The weight of diesel locomotive TEP70 in this version is twice as high as that which has a single-section version. The presentation of the locomotive of this series took place in July 2004. He successfully passed all the tests. In 2010, 12 copies of this line were produced.
Exploitation
Considered locomotives are presentpractically on all divisions of the Russian Railway, and also in depot of the near abroad countries. The manufacturer from 1973 to 1985 produced about three dozen diesel locomotives of this type. The active release of cars improved in 1985. Until 2006, more than 570 units left the assembly line.
Работа машиниста тепловоза на усовершенствованной modifications significantly simplified and optimized, thanks to the deliberate placement of brake and control devices. The instability of output is largely related to economic problems and the electrification of most sites. Nevertheless, the write-off of obsolete models gave rise to an increase in the production of TEP70.
Interesting Facts
The first production cars arrived in Tashkent, andalso on the October and South railway. At the present time, after repeatedly changing the place of registration, these locomotives are fully functioning in Poltava, Romny, Osnova and Lozova (UZHD). The oldest copy is located in the depot of the city of Yelets.
Updated versions of the locomotive were distributed onall of Russia and the CIS countries. Change of predecessor due to some reasons. First, the battery for a diesel locomotive TEP70 has a longer working life. Secondly, the diesel plant has become more powerful and more productive. In addition, the external and internal design has become much more attractive.
Some locomotives are operated on ironroads of Lithuania. Modifications 0264 and 0186 were broken in the disaster near Tambov (2009). The considered car was actively used in Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan.
Fuel system operation
Repair of locomotives of the TEP70 series often concernsdiesel installation. Her job is to deliver fuel from the fuel tank through a special pipe through a coarse filter. Further, the fuel passes the pump and is fed through a fine filter element into the manifold of the fuel pumps of the power plant. The pumps then direct the mixture to the nozzles. For the unit to work correctly, the temperature of the diesel in the tank must be at least 30 degrees Celsius.
To ensure the normal operation of the unit,Intensive circulation of the fuel is provided, which allows a larger volume of fluid to be driven out. The remains of fuel merge in a special heater, and then in a tank. Most of the working mixture is heated, thanks to a similar design scheme.
Model TEP70 BS and TEP70-U
The letter designation assigned to the locomotive inhonor of the Hero of Social Work Boris Salambekov. By 2015, 281 diesel locomotives of this category were produced. In 2004, the car was assigned an index TEP70-BS-001. This sample is registered in the PM-14 Oktyabrskaya railway. His tests were carried out not only individually, but also as part of high-speed trains "Sapsan". In 2010, the model was decommissioned, located at the base in Gatchina and serves as a reserve of spare parts for existing copies. It is planned to write off it further.
Locomotives type TEP70-U produced 26 pieces (foras of 2011). All cars are registered on the Northern Railway (Depot Voynovka, TCE-7). Model number 014 was decommissioned after a fire that occurred in the diesel compartment (2007). Then the locomotive underwent a major overhaul and was returned to the registration depot.
Repair of diesel locomotives
In the post-Soviet space, repair of the locomotives in question is carried out at several plants:
- Repair plant in Poltava.
- Locomotive Repair Plant in Dauvgalpils.
- Ussuriyskaya factory.
- Voronezh specialized plant.
It is noteworthy that this locomotive received a number of original nicknames. Among them:
- Slippers.
- "Sarcophagus" (due to the peculiarities of the roof structure).
- "Brokeback" (for the same reason).
- "Brick".
- "The Coffin" and "Besik."
Export
Locomotive TEP70 in various modificationsshipped to SMNG countries. For example, in Belarus 26 units are registered, the railway of Uzbekistan acquired 10 cars. Lithuania in 2006 bought 4 copies. There are these locomotives in Ukraine.
Большая часть произведенных тепловозов operated in Russia. In this case, the locomotive is able to be used in any climatic regions, which made it more popular than the TEP-60. In addition, this machine has become aesthetically better, more powerful and more convenient.
The result
TEP70 locomotive is a worthy representativedomestic diesel equipment used on the railway. In the assortment there are both passenger variations and more powerful cargo analogues. For its time, the locomotive became in demand not only in Russia, but also in neighboring countries. At the same time, it continues to be used up to this day, regardless of its age.
