For trade organizations and industrialenterprises have their own special accounting rules that fully reflect the main differences in the characteristics of their economic activities. For example, the 43rd account, on the court is listed finished products, is used only by enterprises that carry out the production of goods sold on its own. The costs accumulated on the 40th bill in the process of manufacturing the goods after it arrives at the warehouse already in finished form are transferred to this account. This is done using the following entry - the 40th account is credited, and the 43rd account is debited accordingly.
Management companies can useinformation provided by the “finished goods” account in a variety of ways. First of all, this figure allows them to see to what extent the company's warehouses are loaded. Already from this we can conclude whether it is worth expanding the production of products or, on the contrary, it is necessary to stimulate sales, since the warehouse has finished products above the norm.
In addition, we should not forget about the reserve readyproducts that the enterprise should always have. In a market economy, demand is a rather unpredictable variable, so an enterprise must always be prepared for what may follow a large order that can be satisfied with the help of a formed reserve. However, too large reserves are fraught with unnecessary costs for storage of products, in addition, increases the likelihood of damage to goods stored in the warehouse, which can also lead to losses for the company.
After finished products arrived at the warehouseand was taken into account by an accountant, she expects her further fate. The incoming order from the client is satisfied just with its help, which, of course, should be properly reflected. Usually, the sale of products is reflected immediately upon shipment, or rather the transfer of the goods to the ownership of the new owner, in accordance with the terms of transportation. However, in some cases, revenue cannot be recognized immediately, and then an additional 45th account must be activated.
However, first, let's talk about the traditionalway of accounting. When finished products are shipped, the wiring involves, in addition to the 43rd account we are considering, also the 90th account, referred to as “sales”. The fact of shipment is reflected in its debit and, accordingly, the credit of the account “finished goods”. In the future, the 90th account also recorded the proceeds from the sale. The difference between the cost, migrated to the 90th account, bypassing our 43rd, as well as proceeds from the sale, will give the first idea of how much profit a company can get through its commercial activities.
Если же выручка учитывается не сразу, а это usually occurs if an enterprise specializes in export operations, then we add an account “goods shipped” at number 45 to the classical chain. In this case, we need to debit this account by crediting the 43rd account. When, according to the law, the company finally receives the right to recognize revenue, the accountant can transfer the cost of production from the 45th account to the 90th.
This work with the account “finished goods”is ending. As you can see, this account is of secondary importance, reflecting the movement of goods from production plants, through the warehouses of the manufacturer and to the warehouses of the buyer, but at the same time, it contains the most important analytical information necessary for making decisions in the production and marketing sphere, therefore value should not be underestimated.
