The notion of "human capital" (human capital)first sounded in the scientific community and appeared in journalism on the wave of neoclassicism in the middle of the twentieth century, finally taking shape in the 90s of the 20th century.
Theodore Schultz and Gary Becker are Nobel laureatespremiums, well-known economists, considered "fathers" of scientific research. For the development of this economic direction was awarded this award and a scientist of Russian origin Simon Kuznets (1971). Today's structure of the doctrine affecting human capital has a finished form thanks to economists, sociologists and historians T. Schultz, G. Becker, E. Denison, R. Solow, J. Kendrick, S. Kuznets, S. Fabrikant, I. Fisher, R. Lucas and many other scientists. This concept is still being studied.
In its essence, the theory of human capital offers a coherent system - a single grid, to logically explain such phenomena as:
- the process of investing educational skills in the economy;
- increased demand for education and medicine;
- the dependence of the dynamics of wage growth on age;
- explaining the reasons for the difference in pay for work on a sex basis;
- the pattern of acceptance by generations of the lack of equality in the stages of the economy.
The range of topics covered is very wide, butin fact, they do not exclude each other, but stem from the common root of people's interaction in society and the ability of each person to integrate with society.
According to a simplified formula, the theory of humancapital studies the processes of qualitative evolution of mankind with a view to their logical application and impact on the growth of the economy of all countries of the world. The neoclassical scientists made a breakthrough, combining the disparate links into one logical chain. Of course, this revolutionary economic system has priority directions for studying:
- accentuation of the main directing investments of investments by agents in the labor market;
- study of the entire life cycle of workers;
- The key economic resource is human time.
Today, almost all off-market componentscan be measured by the theory of human capital: health issues, educational deficiencies, migration policy, family conflicts, the growth of inter-ethnic enmity and crime. The main factor is the thinking of the individual within the society.
Как логичнее применять инвестиции в человеческий capital, to avoid possible mistakes in planning the economy and get a return on these investments? What is the essence? The definition of "human capital" carries in itself all the abilities, knowledge, skills and psychological motivations of the individual, obtained by him on all segments of the life path. A person can not be considered as a package for a product that he produces, even if this product is a doctoral dissertation.
There is no complete analogy between a certain summoney and human knowledge. These capitals vary not only in form, but also in their essence. Scientific progress is accelerating, this fact leads to some devaluation of human knowledge in the field of fundamental science. Accordingly, all the funds thrown at the learning process in a certain period of time do not always keep pace with the rapid pace of scientific thought, becoming obsolete before use. The conclusion about some vain investing and lost time suggests itself.
С другой стороны, казалось бы, обучение любому the craft on the basis of a professional technical school is quoted below, it takes less time and society has been treated with a fair amount of skepticism to this day. Economists have calculated that it is the professionals of this level who are planning to take off the economy of the future. In a certain period of time, society needs more thinkers, but more often a strong base of skilled workers should be formed.
Only those investments can be considered successful,introduced into human capital, which are able to pay dividends to a person all his life. It is impossible to overestimate the role of this discovery of scientists in the process of shaping the personal values of a representative of any society. But we must remember about the uniqueness of each person, about his individual abilities.
