/ / Known oil brands in Russia

Famous oil brands in Russia

For the last hundred years, oil has turned into the mostimportant raw materials in the world. Prices for "black gold" are of great importance for the economy of any country. What are the brands of oil? To answer this question, it is necessary to understand the criteria for the quality of a given mineral.

The reasons for the division into varieties

Each single hydrocarbonThe deposit is a source of oil with unique characteristics. There are almost innumerable variations of black gold in terms of physical properties. The main quality criteria are the density and level of sulfur content. Each country, rich in hydrocarbon deposits, delivers to the world market several brands of oil, differing in chemical composition. The need to create clear benchmarks for energy prices on international trading floors has led to the emergence of so-called benchmarks. They are the most liquid and popular brands of oil, exchange quotations of which play the role of a standard when buying and selling less well-known grades of black gold.

brands of oil

Quality criteria

The density of hydrocarbon feedstocks dependsefficiency of its processing. According to this indicator oil is divided into three types: heavy, medium and light. There is a system of accurate measurement of the density of black gold in degrees created by American specialists. The most preferred for the processing is light oil, since the production of various types of fuel from it is minimal. The density of such brands is 30-40 degrees. When cleaning and processing brands of oil belonging to the light category, we get relatively less waste and more ready-to-sell products on the fuel market. Naturally, black gold, whose density is in the range of 30 to 50 degrees, is distinguished by an increased cost.

brands of oil in Russia

Complexities of processing

Brands of oil belonging to the heavy category,can not be extracted to the surface by traditional methods and require additional costs even at the extraction stage. Such brands of hydrocarbon raw materials are characterized by a strong viscosity and a high content of impurities: resinous-asphaltene substances, sulfur compounds and metals.

Density of heavy oil brands varies from 10up to 24 degrees on a scale created by the American Institute of API. This type of black gold is less profitable for extractive companies and processing enterprises. It does not manage to receive a large number of technically valuable and expensive products: gasoline, aviation kerosene and diesel fuel. For this purpose, light oil brands are better suited.

The world is dominated by hydrocarbon deposits,which is of a heavy type. However, mining companies are not enthusiastic about developing such deposits, preferring traditional light oil.

oil brands in the world

Chemical composition

The sulfur content is alsodirect influence on the complexity and cost of obtaining raw materials ready for consumption from raw materials. The presence of this chemical in natural oil ranges from 0.1% to 8%. Sulfur compounds cause serious damage to the environment. In many countries, the maximum allowable level of their content in automotive fuel is strictly regulated by law.

Purification of fuel from sulfur is aa complex and expensive process. What are the oil brands that make it possible to avoid such difficulties during processing? Grades of black gold containing less than 0.5% of sulfur compounds, do not require significant effort to clean up harmful impurities. Such brands of oil are usually called "sweet."

brands of oil what is it

Reference grades

In the world there is a very limited amountmajor international platforms for energy trade, which are attended by global players. One similar market is on the European continent, in the capital of Great Britain.

On the London futures exchange there areoperations for the purchase and sale of the contract crude oil grade Brent. At present it is the most liquid grade of black gold in the world. The other largest stock exchange is in the United States of America in the city of Chicago. It trades futures for the oil produced in Texas, WTI. In the US energy market, this brand has the same position as the Brent blend in Eurasia.

As it is not hard to see, the reference varieties of blackgold are not geographically connected with large hydrocarbon deposits, but with developed financial markets. Prices for less popular brands of oil are formed on the basis of quotations Brent and WTI. The cost of the reference grade is considered basic. Supplements or discounts in relation to it are due to a difference in quality.

what are the brands of oil

WTI

An abbreviation for one of thethe main reference marks of crude oil, is deciphered as the "West Texas average". Its density is 40 degrees, the sulfur content is 0.5 percent. This light oil is perfectly suitable as a raw material for the production of gasoline. Its stock quotes serve as the main reference point for the prices of "black gold" in the territory of the United States. Because of the low sulfur content, the WTI brand is sometimes called "Texan sweet".

Brent

The main European reference variety is mined inThe North Sea, between the coasts of Scotland and Norway. Its density is 38 degrees, the content of sulfur compounds is 0.37 percent. Brent is a mixture of several grades of oil extracted from offshore fields. The volume of production of this brand does not exceed one million barrels per day, which by world standards is a small amount. Despite this, futures for the North Sea mix sets records on trade turnover. Brent plays the role of a reference grade for 70% of existing oil brands. What does it mean? Such a strange situation can be explained very simply: the futures are used mainly for speculative purposes and do not lead to the physical supply of raw materials. This circumstance causes discussion about the justification of preserving the status of the reference variety for the North Sea mixture of Brent.

Dubai

The leading position in the extraction of black gold onthe planet is occupied by the countries of the Persian Gulf. Not surprisingly, the Dubai brand, supplied to the world market from the United Arab Emirates, is considered a reference grade. This oil belongs to the middle type. Its density is 31 degrees, sulfur content - 2%.

what are the brands of oil

Brands of oil in Russia

On the territory of the Russian Federation, six grades of "blackGold ": Urals, Vityaz, Sokol, Siberian Light, ESPO and Arctic Oil, their prices are determined on the basis of quotations of the reference grade Brent.The lightest and best quality is the Vityaz brand on Sakhalin Island, its density is 41 degrees, sulfur content is 0, 18%, Vityaz's oil is slightly inferior to Sokol, Siberian Light and ESPO, ranging in density from 35 to 37 degrees, sulfur content - 0.23-0.62% .The hardest Russian oil is Arctic Oil, which is extracted from shelf field.

The budget of the Russian Federation is calculated on the basis of the price of the West Siberian brand Urals. This oil is medium density (31 degrees) with an increased sulfur content (1.3%).