Every company that dealsbuying and selling goods, makes an assessment of the situation on the market. The firm will not be able to function successfully if it makes decisions that contradict the existing situation. This applies to small and medium-sized and large companies.
A conjuncture is the current situation on the market at any time. It is influenced by factors determining the value of securities, prices, the size of production, unemployment, etc.
Когда анализируется конъюнктура рынка, то It considers a large number of different points: the degree of business activity, the scale of operations in the market, the amount of competition, the ratio of supply and demand, the emerging changes in the economy of the industry, the country, etc. The main impact on the situation have customer preferences and the ability of manufacturers to meet the need. That is, first of all, market conditions are evaluated from the position of the ratio of supply and demand. And since this process is stochastic in nature, the situation is constantly changing.
Factors that shape the market findexpression in a number of indicators. They help assess the condition of both individual industries and the economy as a whole. The list of indicators depends on the object of study. It can be a segment, country, world economy, etc. The indicators of the sectors of material production, the monetary sphere and commodity exchange are considered.
In the analysis of material production consider:
- volume of production;
- order book;
- size of employment;
- receipt of orders;
- volume of stocks;
- the volume of investments;
- capacity utilization;
- salary fund;
- the duration of the labor week;
- the number of unemployed;
- the volume of investments;
- size of construction;
- the cost and number of construction contracts;
- livestock,
- area under crops;
- the volume of production in agriculture;
- productivity;
- the number of goods produced;
- the volume of freight by river, sea, rail, air and pipeline transport.
Market conditions from the point of view of commodity circulation are assessed according to the following indicators:
- the amount of sales in the wholesale and retail trade;
- price level;
- the movement of stocks of products in the trading network;
- sales on credit;
- size of import, export;
- geographical distribution and commodity structure of trade: by countries, regions, etc .;
- state of the balance of payments;
- movement of currency and gold.
Market conditions are also estimated by the following indicators of the monetary sphere:
- issue of securities;
- discount rate of various banks;
- stock price;
- monopoly profits;
- the movement of loans;
- state budget, etc.
Thus, market conditions are estimated atthe help of a complex analysis of a large number of indicators. It should be borne in mind that any of the factors describes only the conditional effect. For example, the offer of goods cannot be shown by any single digit. It can only be roughly estimated by the company. And production is measured immediately by a number of indicators: indices of the volume of manufactured products, the degree of utilization of the equipment in use, and so on. When analyzing the conjuncture from the perspective of prices, it is necessary to take into account the indices, their reference and absolute values. At the same time, indicators can act only as an approximate guideline, since they can significantly differ from the actual cost of the goods. For example, for oil, the market and reference prices may differ even by 30%.
The market situation is constantly changing under the influence of a large number of factors. Financial analysts should be very attentive to change in order for companies to be most efficient.
