Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant for its many yearshistory has released a lot of technology, which has become a landmark for the industry of the Soviet Union. A striking example is the famous "weaving" - a universal tractor T-100.
Creating a model
Industrial Soviet tractor, like manyother types of technology in those days, named in honor of I. V. Stalin S-100, underwent major changes in the early 60s of the XX century. First, a modification of the T-108. She let out just three years. In 1964, the plant began production of "weave". Four years later, the T-100 tractor won the gold medal at the international exhibition.
Heavy tracked vehicle was designed toindustry and construction work. It was designed as a bulldozer with a cable-operated dump. Later it was decided to modernize the use of a variety of attachments. Unlike its predecessor, which had only two modifications, fourteen types of special equipment were produced based on the tracked T-100.
«Сотка», как промышленный трактор, относилась к traction class 10. By the way, the modern wheeled T-25 (100% universal tractor, as it is proudly called) belongs to the traction class 0.6. This category is determined by the maximum effort that, under certain strictly established conditions, a wheeled or tracked vehicle can develop.
Specifications
Judging by the user reviews, the tractor T-100Specifications have better parameters than the C-100. And all thanks to the use of another engine. That is why he found a wider application in the national economy. The constructive weight of the tractor is 11.1 tons. The diesel engine with a cylinder capacity of 15.5 liters reached a maximum power of 108 liters. with. with a crankshaft speed of 1070 rpm. At low speeds, the multi-ton machine consumed almost 20 liters of diesel fuel per hour. But the tank could hold it about 240 liters.
"Weaving" developed a nominal force (6 ton) onsecond gear at speeds up to 4 km / h. This corresponds to the sixth traction class agricultural machinery. The higher, tenth category of maximum tractive effort (9.5 ton-force) in first gear and speed less than 2.5 km / h, the tractor T-100 belonged to the industrial classification. And that is not all. Traction decreased with increasing speed. Consumers claim that at the fifth gear it was maximum - more than 10 km / h. Not a bad indicator! But the pulling force in this case was 2 tf.
Power plant tractor
The power plant that was used ontractor C-100, was seriously upgraded specifically for the "weave". And got the number D-108. The four-cylinder four-stroke engine had a mass of more than 2 tons. The layout of the engine has not changed, but the chamber in which the mixing and combustion of fuel takes place is carried out in the bottom of the piston. He also had two oil scraper rings and three compression rings. Bronze bushings were pressed into the cylinder heads to install the injectors. Instead of one spray hole, began to perform five. In addition, a centrifuge was installed in the oil filter.
The T-100 tractor became the first industrial machine,which was used starting the engine. With the help of the P-23 installation with an electric starter, the main diesel engine was started in winter. Judging by the opinions of people who ran this machine at least once in their lives, they used another useful mechanism in the tractor. This is a vacuum device that was powered by exhaust energy. It made it possible to refuel tanks located below the level of the fuel tank.
Tractor transmission
Unlike the engine, it has not undergonemajor changes. User feedback indicated that the clutch, which is a separate unit, is easy to dismantle. The dry single-plate clutch was controlled from the cab with a special lever, thanks to the lever-cam mechanism of control. Mechanical three-way, reverse gearbox had five forward gears and four - rear. Conical central - with the driven gear on the flange and with the leading unit, which was performed on the lower shaft of the box, as a whole.
Поворотные муфты были сухими, многодисковыми.In them the driven discs are made with friction linings. They could be controlled by servorychagami. The T-100 is a tractor, the characteristics of which made it possible to change the speed from five to ten gears from 2.3 to 10.1 km / h, and from 2.8 to 7.6 km / h on four rear gears.
Chassis
Opinions of consumers agreed thatA crawler tractor in front of the wheel has the advantage of being passable on soft soils due to the lower specific pressure on the soil. For T-100, this figure was 4.6 N / sq. Cm.
According to shoppers,The main disadvantage of a crawler tractor, again as compared to a wheeled tractor, is a more complex undercarriage design. Semi-rigid system "weave" consisted of tracked trucks with a balancing device and tracks. They were made in the form of a welded box-section frame. The links of the track chain were interconnected by bushings and fingers placed on them. There were also fixed shoes special profile. The chain is mounted on wheels with a tensioning mechanism, supporting and supporting rollers. The balance suspension was made in the form of a spring plate with two stabilizing, smaller in size springs.
Tractor cab
T-100 (tractor) reviews and now, amidmodern technology, has a positive. He was equipped with a comfortable cabin at the time. It was installed behind the engine on a rigid frame. Inside, the driver was provided with a soft seat, lighting and forced ventilation system. Today, unfortunately, the T-100 is a tractor (photo below), which has become just a memory. But in the 70s he adequately competed with the technology of leading foreign companies. However, it was not enough. And it was used only on construction sites of union value, for example, at BAM.
Dimensions
Dimensions heavy tracked tractor (L × W × H) -4.3 × 2.5 × 3.1 m. The length of the support surface of the caterpillars is 2.4 m, the track is 1.9 m, the ground clearance is 0.3 m. Another important indicator of the technology is the specific intensity of metal. She is almost 103 kg / hp.
Modifications of the tractor
At the very beginning, the "weaving" was aggregated withbulldozer DZ-53, in which the control of the blade was rope. Then it was modernized by installing a more modern hydraulic system. New car received the designation DZ-54. And already to her fourteen types of attachments were produced for use in various construction and road works. It was a stump lifter, a brush cutter, a ripper, a stone remover, and a reamer. On the chassis T-100 mounted pile-mounted pile drivers, cranes and pipe layers.
В отзывах простых трактористов значилось, что The T-100 MGP version had hydraulic equipment, a front hinged system, and instead of a winch, a rigid hitch. It provided for output mechanisms for connecting the power take-off shaft and the rear mounted system. Both of these modifications were produced as a swamp, the caterpillars of which had a wider section - T-100 B and T-100 BG.
The letter "T" in the name markedpipelayer, which, instead of hydraulic systems, provided for mounting for specialized units and devices. The tractor T-100 MGP-1 was produced in a lightweight version without a cab. The latest modification of the "weave", already produced in parallel with the new T-130, was the T-100 MZGP with hydraulic servo-mechanisms for controlling the turns. And, perhaps, only it can still be found. And even purchase.
Tractor modifications for agricultural needs
It was supposed to use a tracked tractorT-100 and in agriculture. But in the user feedback it was indicated that its speed is very low. Therefore, he did not receive distribution. The modification had the designation T-100 MGS. It had a separate aggregate unified hydraulic system and a rear linkage mechanism. The tractor T-100 MGS-1 did not possess this mechanism. In place of the winch was installed shank PTO. For comparison, the T-25, as a 100% tractor for agriculture with dimensions of 3.0 × 1.5 m, can change the ground clearance and overall height depending on the mounted equipment. The range of its speeds when moving forward is from 6 to 22 km / h.
Название трактор Т-100 – «сотка» – стало common noun It still denotes later models: T-130, T-170, T-10. Compared with the new, modern options, the car is different heavy and uncomfortable working conditions for the driver. Despite this, at all times it was reliable and durable, almost did not break and had a high cross.
