It is hardly possible to make a mistake by naming the Russianarmored car "Tiger" is the largest, protected and highly-traveled domestic SUV. This vehicle, produced at the Arzamas Automobile Plant, can be equipped with different types of weapons and is capable of overcoming the most difficult road obstacles. The parameters of crew protection and patrolling, which the domestic car has, are so high that even the famous "Hammer" is not able to compete with it.
Historical reference
Since the appearance of the first cars from theirdevelopers immediately began to emerge the idea of equipping crews with a system to protect themselves from splinters and bullets. These plans were implemented in a short time - with the outbreak of World War I, the period of which can be considered a starry hour of "iron monsters". The first Russian armored cars were produced in 1904 by the French firm Sharon, Zhirido and Vua. Already in January 1905, these machines took their place in the army. By the way, the author of this vehicle was MA Nakashidze, who then served as a captain in the Siberian Cossack regiment. Armored cars of that time were comparable in mobility to cavalry and had reliable protection against bullets. The presence of own weapons and the shortcomings of the tanks of that time made this "miracle weapon" a real means of fighting.
Modern realities
The time has passed, the military strategy has changed, the appearancemodern army, and the development and production of such equipment, due to the growth of industrial opportunities, have moved to a completely new level. Today's models of armored vehicles are protected vehicles that increase the mobility of military and special units. Such machines are used in the army - for reconnaissance, raids on enemy lines, delivery of soldiers to the battlefield and their fire support. Special interest in this technique is shown by police special forces, who are forced to work in tight urban conditions.
Models of armored cars of foreign manufacture
Again and again emerging military conflicts withthe participation of NATO member states makes these states pay increased attention to the security of their soldiers. In 2009, the US Army ordered Oshkosh Truck to produce 1,000 new M-ATV armored vehicles. This is a powerful, well-protected armored vehicle weighing 14.5 tons and carrying capacity up to 1900 kg. The car is equipped with a turbo diesel with a capacity of 370 l / s, which allows it to travel at a speed of 105 km / h. Along with this order, the US Department of Defense announced a tender to develop a replacement for the old kind HMMWV, the "Hammer", which has been in service for many years in many countries around the world. Among other machines of this class, it should be noted German ATF Dingo, having a V-shaped bottom with mine protection and LAPV Enok, which have excellent speed characteristics. Among the techniques of the former Soviet Union countries are the Ukrainian armored vehicles Dozor-B and KrAZ MPV TC.
Domestic developments
Modern Russian armored vehiclesactively developed by domestic designers from the late 90's. At the Gorky Automobile Plant, work on the creation of such equipment was conducted by a group of designers, led by an experienced engineer AG Masyagin. The scientists thoroughly studied all the advantages and shortcomings of foreign technology. As a result of the work done, KB designers developed an absolutely new machine that met all modern standards. This vehicle was called the armored car "Tiger" (STS GAZ-2330). In the fall of 2002, the first prototypes of such equipment were received for operation in the detachment of the capital SOBR. After some time, the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia issued an order to equip all its special units with Tiger cars and placed an order for a batch of these armored cars.
Design features of the car
The management of the Arzamas Automobile Plant took into account allwishes of security officers, and at the end of 2003 the armored car "Tiger" was put into production. There is an opinion that at its creation the GAZ-66 units and aggregates were used. This is not true, since they have only the wheel formula in common. The GAZ-2330 has a rigid frame on which an independent torsion suspension equipped with hydraulic shock absorbers is mounted. The body of the army (police) model is armored, three-door and is designed for transportation of 6-9 servicemen, and up to 1.2 tons of cargo. The power plant of the machine consists of a powerful diesel engine, a five-speed manual transmission and a clutch mechanism with hydraulic booster. The car is equipped with a two-stage transfer case, which has an electro-pneumatic locking drive, and two bridges with differentials of high friction. Wheels "Tiger" are equipped with special tires designed to overcome difficult terrain.
Construction of undercarriage
To meet modern requirements,armored car "Tiger" should move with the same high speed and on highway, asphalt roads, and in off-road conditions. The fulfillment of this task is ensured by the design features of the new torsion bars, a strong lever suspension and energy-intensive shock absorbers. The presence of such elements allows the machine to remain stable during the movement both on dry and on wet roads. Modified suspension, permanent four-wheel drive, high ground clearance, interlock and inter-wheel differential lock, as well as a well-designed wheelbase contribute to the excellent passability of the car on wet, marshy ground. Chassis "Tiger" provides comfortable movement of the crew at speeds up to 150 km / h on the highway and up to 75 km / h off-road.
Power point
Armored car "Tiger", technicalwhose characteristics were tested at the polygons of special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, was equipped with a turbocharged engine Cammins B205 American production. This diesel engine, which develops power up to 210 l / s, has excellent dynamic qualities. Recently, the machines of this brand are installed, mainly, Russian diesel engines with a turbojet of the brand YaMZ-534. These six-cylinder motors are more compact than imported analogs, but they have a large (235 l / s) capacity and comply with the ecological standard "Euro-3".
Armament installation
The roof of the army model "Tiger" is equippeda rotary platform on which turrets are mounted for several types of modern small arms - the large-caliber machine guns "Cord" or "Pecheneg" and the grenade launchers AGS-17 or AGS-30. Dimensions and design of the vehicle hatch provide fire control, in different directions, with two arrows at once. Also there are several separate, armored gun modules of domestic and foreign production, installed on the military version of the machine. Armored car "Tiger" is equipped with special compartments for the placement of ammunition, as well as attachments of additional weapons - hand-held rocket grenades and MANPADS. The army version of the machine also has two powerful search lights, which are controlled from the cabin.
Ease of operation
All varieties of the "Tiger" have in their arsenalremote adjustment of air pressure in the tires, an automatic fire extinguishing system and engine heating, which facilitates its start-up at ultra-low temperatures. Machines are equipped with electric winches. The steering wheel and the front seats are adjustable both in height and horizontally. On the technology can be installed automatic transmission, air conditioning and anti-lock system. Recently, an armored car "Tiger" came off the assembly line of the Arzamas automobile plant, the model of which was equipped with an on-board control system, which has the functions of information control over the operation of electrical equipment and navigation.
Modifications of the car
There are two main versions of the special car "Tiger". SPM GAZ-233034 and GAZ-233036 are special police cars and are used as operational and service transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Armored car "Tiger". Civilian variant
In 2009, the car factory started productionunarmored car "Tiger" - GAZ-233001. The car is assembled on the basis of special vehicles, with the use of all technologies that were intended for the manufacture of military equipment. The model has a one-piece five-door body with a large cargo compartment and is capable of carrying four people, as well as 1.5 tons of cargo. Full drive, increased ground clearance, independent suspension and two electric winch provide the civilian "Tiger" excellent cross-country ability in off-road conditions. The car is equipped with a powerful but economical diesel engine and two capacious tanks for fuel, which make it possible to drive 800 km without refueling. The maximum speed that a civilian version of the Tiger can develop is 160 km / h. The car is equipped with a capacious luggage compartment, and also has a ladder on the rear door. In the roof there is a sunroof with electric drive. In the interior trim interior leather and suede were used. The car is equipped with an electric adjustment of the front seats, a video camera rearview and electric windows.
Basic characteristics of the car
| Name | Special vehicles "Tiger" | Civil "Tiger" |
| Length (mm) | 5700 | 5160 |
| Width (mm) | 2300 | 2300 |
| Height (mm) | 2300 | 2150 |
| Weight (kg) | 7600 | 6200 |
| Carrying capacity (kg) | 1200 | 1500 |
| Max. speed (km / h) | 140 | 160 |
| Clearance (mm) | 400 | 400 |
| Fuel Consumption (L) | 35 | 20 |
| Max. engine power (l / s) | 235 | 205 |
Armored cars of Russia
In addition to Tiger armored vehicles, it is necessary to mention several more cars of the same class. The most famous was the car "Lynx", a licensed analogue of the Italian IVECO LMV L65.
